HIV抗体纳米免疫磁珠快速检测试剂的研制

目的 研制一种用纳米免疫磁珠层析技术用以检测HIV抗体的快速诊断试剂.方法 运用碳二亚(EDC)将重组的HIV抗原gp41、gp36偶联到200 nm的超顺磁纳米颗粒上,在硝酸纤维素(NC)膜上包被gp41、gp36抗原,制备成免疫层析检测卡,然后对检测卡进行性能分析评估.结果 对HIV抗体国家参考品血清盘(胶体金类)检测,符合要求;对20份HIV抗体阳性和600份抗体阴性临床血清检测,灵敏度为100%,特异性为98.5%.检测卡室温保存12个月性能稳定.结论 研制出一种纳米免疫磁珠HIV抗体检测试剂,具有检测简便、快速、稳定性好和适于现场检测等特点.     

HIV抗体纳米免疫磁珠快速检测试剂的研制

目的 研制一种用纳米免疫磁珠层析技术用以检测HIV抗体的快速诊断试剂.方法 运用碳二亚(EDC)将重组的HIV抗原gp41、gp36偶联到200 nm的超顺磁纳米颗粒上,在硝酸纤维素(NC)膜上包被gp41、gp36抗原,制备成免疫层析检测卡,然后对检测卡进行性能分析评估.结果 对HIV抗体国家参考品血清盘(胶体金类)检测,符合要求;对20份HIV抗体阳性和600份抗体阴性临床血清检测,灵敏度为100%,特异性为98.5%.检测卡室温保存12个月性能稳定.结论 研制出一种纳米免疫磁珠HIV抗体检测试剂,具有检测简便、快速、稳定性好和适于现场检测等特点.     

同时检测HIV抗体及p24抗原快速诊断试剂的研制

目的：研制可同时检测HIV－1、HIV－2抗体及p24抗原的胶体金快速诊断试剂。方法：利用重组杆状病毒－昆虫细胞系统进行HIV－1 gp41及HIV－2 gp36抗原的高效表达，以免疫亲和层析法纯化抗原。抗－HIV p24单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株，并制备抗－HIV p24单克隆抗体。以硝酸基纤维膜为载体，以纯化的HIV－1 gp41、HIV－2 gp36抗原及抗p24抗体点膜，20nm胶体金颗粒／抗人IgG和抗－HIV p24单克隆抗体进行标记，对33份已知HIV感染者阳性血清及6份阴性血清进行检测。结果：通过重组杆状病毒－昆虫细胞系统进行HIV－1 gp41及HIV－2 gp36抗原的表达，可获取浓度为2．0mg/L的纯化抗原。从抗p24单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株中培养上清液，通过葡萄球菌蛋白A免疫亲和层析柱可得到1．5mg/L的纯化抗体。利用纯化的抗原抗体进行标记，对39份已知血清进行检测，与荷兰Organon公司HIV1＋2抗体、p24抗原、ELISA诊断试剂同时检测结果进行比较，证实有较强的特异性及敏感性。结论：同时检测HIV－1、HIV－2抗体及p24抗原快速诊断试剂的问世，可为HIV感染的诊断提供一个简便、可靠、敏感的方法。     

检测抗HIV-1/2型抗体的双抗原夹心方法的建立及其试剂盒的研制

目的 建立更敏感的检测人免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）抗体的方法,并研制检测试剂盒。方法 根据HIV－1／2型的基因序列及其所编码氨基酸结构,采用固相法合成了HIV－1型的gp41.1、gp41.2、gp120、p24和HIV－2型的gp36五条多肽,混合包被酶标板作为固相抗原。用辣根过氧化物酶标记以上多肽抗原作为标记物,建立检测血清中抗HIV－1／2抗体的双抗原夹心ELISA法。同时,应用该方法制备检测HIV抗体的试剂盒,并检测三批中国卫生中药品和生物制品检定所HIV诊断试剂国家参比品。结果 建立了检测HIV－1／2抗体的双抗原夹心法。用检定所参比品检测,该方法特异性、灵敏度均为100％,变异系数小于10％。与间接法相比较其灵敏度、特异性均高于间接法（P＜0．05）。检测210份其他病种患者血清均为阴性。与GBI公司的HIV抗体诊断试剂比较,检测40份卫生部药品和生物制品检定所提供的质控参比品（阳性20份,阴性20份）,GBI试剂阴、阳性符合率及总符合率分别为100%(20/20)、85％（17／20）及92．5％（37／40）,而应用该方法所研制的诊断试剂盒、阳性符合率及总符合率为100％。该试剂已通过国家卫生部质检。与雅培公司HIV诊断试剂比较检测90份献血员血清和88份HIV－1／2型感染者血清,符合率为100％。试剂盒于37℃放置4d后的检测结果的阴、阳性判定不受影响。结论 本法特异性强、灵敏度高、稳定性好,适用于献血员的筛选和临床HIV感染的检测。     

高效表达重组HIV-1 gp41及在尿液检测中的应用

目的 应用优化的HIV-1 gp41基因,通过原核表达得到高纯度的重组HIV-1 gp41抗原,制备基于重组gp41抗原的尿液HIV-1抗体检测试剂盒,并评价此试剂盒在尿液抗体检测中的灵敏度和特异性.方法 将编码HIV-1B亚型gp41主要抗原表位的基因插入到原核表达载体pET22b中,构建表达质粒pET22b-mgp41.将表达质粒转化B121(DE3)后经IPTG诱导其表达重组抗原rgp41.重组抗原经镍离子亲和层析和分子筛层析得到纯化.将纯化后重组抗原包被ELISA板,对4796份正常人群尿液、641份HIV-1抗体阳件感染者尿液进行HIV-1抗体检测.结果重组抗原经纯化后纯度95%.用本实验中制备的HIV-1抗体尿液检测试剂盒的检测结果显示,此试剂盒灵敏度为100%,特异性为98.52%.结论 本研究中制备的HIV-1尿液诊断试剂盒可以满足HIV感染者初筛实验的需要.     

多种单抗联合检测HIV抗原

目的 建立多种单抗联合早期检测HIV抗原的夹心ELISA方法.方法 以SAS盐析沉淀法和亲和层析法纯化抗HIV-1 p24、gp41、gp120及抗HIV-2 gp36的腹水型单克隆抗体(McAb),用高碘酸钠法将纯化的McAb以HRP进行标记.建立针对单个抗原的双抗体夹心ELISA法,对其灵敏度及特异性进行检测.将筛选得到的4株捕获McAb按比例混合作为捕获抗体,4株酶标McAb按比例混合作为检测抗体,建立多种单抗联合检测HIV抗原的夹心ELISA方法,检测混合HIV抗原.结果 按确定的最优反应条件建立的多种McAb联合夹心ELISA方法,检测到的最高稀释度的HIV混合抗原中各抗原的终浓度分别为:重组HIV-1 p24:0.625 pg/ml,gp41:6.25 ng/ml,gp120:6.25 ng/ml;HIV-2 gp36:9.25 ng/ml.结论 建立了具有高度敏感性的鸡尾酒式多种单抗联合检测HIV抗原的夹心ELISA法,为早期榆测HIV抗原提供了新的思路,为后续的研究奠定了一定基础.     

多种单抗联合检测HIV抗原

目的 建立多种单抗联合早期检测HIV抗原的夹心ELISA方法.方法 以SAS盐析沉淀法和亲和层析法纯化抗HIV-1 p24、gp41、gp120及抗HIV-2 gp36的腹水型单克隆抗体(McAb),用高碘酸钠法将纯化的McAb以HRP进行标记.建立针对单个抗原的双抗体夹心ELISA法,对其灵敏度及特异性进行检测.将筛选得到的4株捕获McAb按比例混合作为捕获抗体,4株酶标McAb按比例混合作为检测抗体,建立多种单抗联合检测HIV抗原的夹心ELISA方法,检测混合HIV抗原.结果 按确定的最优反应条件建立的多种McAb联合夹心ELISA方法,检测到的最高稀释度的HIV混合抗原中各抗原的终浓度分别为:重组HIV-1 p24:0.625 pg/ml,gp41:6.25 ng/ml,gp120:6.25 ng/ml;HIV-2 gp36:9.25 ng/ml.结论 建立了具有高度敏感性的鸡尾酒式多种单抗联合检测HIV抗原的夹心ELISA法,为早期榆测HIV抗原提供了新的思路,为后续的研究奠定了一定基础.     

基于可重复利用免疫磁珠的抗体检测方法的建立

目的基于可重复利用的免疫磁珠，建立一种简捷快速的特异性抗体检测方法。方法设计人类巨细胞病毒（human cytomegaloviruses，HCMV）PP150蛋白的抗原表位，并合成8分枝多聚抗原肽PP150-8MAPs。将PP150-8MAPs以共价结合形式包被于Dynabeads M-450 Tosylactivated磁珠表面，制备特异性免疫磁珠。用PP150-8MAPs免疫Balb／c小鼠制备抗此抗原表位的标准抗血清。应用免疫磁珠检测标准抗血清中的抗体，优化检测条件。在抗体检测反应结束后，洗脱抗体-二抗复合物，再生后的免疫磁珠重复用于标准抗血清样品的检测分析，并分析免疫磁珠可重复利用的次数。结果制备免疫磁珠时，PP150-8MAPs的最佳包被量为100μg／mL，包被效率为79％。用PP150-8MAPs免疫小鼠后，得到的抗血清滴度可达到1：12800。用免疫磁珠法检测小鼠标准抗血清，免疫磁珠可重复进行20次以上的检测分析。结论基于酶联免疫检测方法，包被抗原的免疫磁珠可重复应用于血清样品中特异性抗体的检测分析。此实验为建立一种新的可重复检测的高效清样品中特异性抗体的检测分析。此实验为建立一种新的可重复检测的高效免疫磁珠抗体分析方法奠定了基础，在基础研究与临床检测中具有广泛的应用前景。     

多聚抗原肽免疫磁珠在制备单表位抗体中的应用

目的： 建立用多聚抗原肽（multiple antigen peptides, MAP）包被磁珠制备单表位抗体的方法.方法： 通过Fmoc法固相化学合成UreB的8分支单表位MAP, 将其作为免疫原免疫小鼠, 获得多克隆抗血清.将MAP以共价偶联的方式包被磁珠制备免疫磁珠（immunomagnetic beads, IB）, 通过IB从多克隆抗血清中纯化单表位抗体, 荧光偏振（fluorescence polarization, FP）法鉴定抗体的特异性, SDS-PAGE鉴定抗体纯度, 紫外分光光度法测定其回收率.结果： 合成的MAP具有较强的免疫原性, 免疫小鼠后得到的抗体滴度高达1∶ 12 800.MAP制备免疫磁珠的最佳包被浓度为100 mg/L, 包被效率最高可达79%.应用MAP免疫磁珠从抗血清中纯化得到的单表位抗体, 经鉴定与其他抗原表位无反应性, 其纯度为95%, 抗体的回收率为5.8%.结论： MAP包被的磁珠可快速分离纯化出针对某一抗原表位的特异性抗体, 其性质类似单克隆抗体.这一方案在快速制备少量高特异性抗体中具有广阔的应用前景.     

HIV-1 gp41重组抗原的表达及其免疫反应性检测

为了在大肠杆菌中表达具有良好免疫反应性的HIV-1gp41重组抗原,本实验运用基因工程技术,经PCR扩增gp41的主要抗原表位序列,BamHⅠ、XhoⅠ双酶切后与E3质粒连接,转化克隆宿主菌DH5α,再提取重组质粒进一步转化表达宿主菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导表达重组蛋白,纯化后标记HRP,通过双抗原夹心酶联免疫方法检测其免疫反应性和特异性。结果表明,获得的HIV-1gp41重组抗原能够与相应抗体特异性结合,与多种无关抗体间无交叉反应,对825份HIV阴性标本检测无错检。检测结果说明该重组抗原具有良好的免疫反应性,在HIV-1抗体诊断试剂中具有潜在的应用价值,为进一步研究gp41抗原奠定了基础。     

Comparing modified and plain peptide linked enzyme immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) and type-2 (HIV-2) antibodies

Serological diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) based on detection of HIV antibodies is one of the easiest, cheapest and simplest assay. Synthetic peptides corresponding to immunodominant regions of envelope glycoprotein (gp41, V3 loop for HIV-1 and gp36 for HIV-2) were used in the present study, to detect the anti-HIV antibodies in sera of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD), Tuberculosis (TB), Anti-Natal Care (ANC) patients. About 550 serum samples were tested using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. The human sera positive for antibody to HIV-1 and HIV-2, reacted to different degrees with these peptides when used as a plain peptide with or without CGG motif/biotin motif at the amino terminus. The selected sequences are of Indian strain with 'C' serotype. The results showed a 100% sensitivity and specificity for V3 loop peptide and 98% sensitivity and specificity for gp41 peptide containing CGG moiety while the plain peptides showed similar sensitivities but low specificity's, i.e. 98% for V3 loop peptide and 42% for gp41 peptide when reacted with HIV-1 positive sera. The presence of biotin at the amino terminus did not provide any beneficial effect in increasing the sensitivity although the specificity was enhanced for both the peptide sequences, i.e. gp41 and V3 loop peptide. Furthermore, the gp36 peptide containing CGG moiety detected the HIV-2 sera with 100% sensitivity and 98% specificity while the sensitivity and specificity of gp36 plain peptide was reduced to 98 and 90%. Thus the study overall highlighted the importance of synthetic peptides containing CGG moiety as a capture antigen in detecting both HIV-1 & 2 sera using an indigenously built ELISA system which is simple, cheap, sensitive and cost effective for rural areas.     

Evaluation of a simultaneous HIV antigen and antibody detection test in Korean population

Current diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection relies on the detection of anti-HIV antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Recently, kits detecting both p24 antigenemia and anti-HIV/anti-HIV2 antibodies have been developed. Thus, it is necessary to compare those kits developed as such. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of a simultaneous detection test of p24 antigen and anti-HIV1/2 antibodies in a low prevalence area. Eight hundred and four randomly selected sera proven negative for HIV infection and 110 sera from 54 patients diagnosed as HIV infected, obtained between 1999 and 2000, were used for this study. One commercial lot of panels composed of consecutive sera obtained from known HIV-infected patient was included. Anti-HIV1/2 antibodies were detected by two different commercial ELISA kits, one from Korean and the other from German manufacturer. P24 antigen test was performed by ELISA. The simultaneous HIV antigen and antibody detection test was carried out. In the meantime, HIV RNA PCR and anti-HIV and anti-HIV2 western blot assays were also performed to confirm the test results in cases the test results didn't agree. The simultaneous detection kit showed 100% sensitivity and 99.6% specificity. Furthermore, the test displayed the possibility of earlier diagnosis than conventional anti-HIV1/2 ELISA with the results obtained from a group of consecutive panel sera infected with HIV. From these results, we concluded that the simultaneous HIV antigen and antibody detection test can be applied as a substitute clinical screening test in the place of conventional anti-HIV1/2 ELISA, and there is the probable benefit of early diagnosis.     

HIV-1/2抗体和P24抗原联合检测试剂盒的研制与评价

目的研制HIV-1／2抗体和P24抗原联合检测酶免疫试剂盒并评价其实用性。方法联合使用基因工程HIVI／2型抗原和抗HIVP24单克隆抗体包被酶联反应板，以辣根过氧化物酶标记的HIVI／2型抗原和生物素化的兔抗HIVP24抗体作为标记物，研制了联合检测HIVI／2抗体和P24抗原的ELISA诊断试剂，并对其特异性、敏感性、稳定性等进行评价和临床考评。结果检测P24抗原质控品的灵敏度可达0．2ng／ml；与雅培公司试剂比较检测78份AIDS患者血清和85份正常人血清、对照检测中国药品生物制品检定所研制的HIV参比血清，特异度和灵敏度均为100％。临床考核检测12051份各种血清，灵敏度为100％（543／543），特异度为99．48％（11448／11508）。试剂在37℃放置6d后，试验结果无明显差异。结论本试剂盒具备特异度强、敏感度高、稳定性好、操作简便等优点，可以一步检出HIV特异性抗体和HIVP24抗原，缩短了HIV感染的检测窗口期，适用于HIV感染的实验室诊断和流行病学调查。     

Blind comparison of Abbott and Dupont HIV antigen ELISA tests for detecting antigenaemia in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus antibody positive homosexual men.

Three hundred and ninety eight serum samples from 270 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody positive asymptomatic homosexual men were tested in the Abbott and Dupont HIV antigen ELISA tests. In the Abbott test 62 (16%) of the sera were positive, according to the manufacturer's instructions, compared with 55 (14%) in the Dupont test. Twenty six sera were positive with the Abbott test but negative with the Dupont test and 19 sera were positive only by the Dupont test. Only 36 (9%) of the sera were positive in both tests. The Abbott confirmatory neutralisation test gave excellent agreement with the initial Abbott HIV antigen ELISA test; the Dupont confirmatory test was only in agreement with the initial positive Dupont antigen ELISA test in one third of the sera tested. Although the overall sensitivity of each of the two commercial assays tested was similar, the Abbott method may be preferable for clinical purposes if confirmation of an initial ELISA positive test result by neutralisation assay is required.     

合成肽抗原抗人免疫缺陷病毒1／2型抗体酶联试剂盒…

根据人免疫缺陷病毒的基因结构和氨基酸序列，采用因相法合成了ＨＩＶ－１ｇｐ４１、ｂｐ１２０、ｐ２４和ＨＩＶ－２ｇｐ３６的４条多肽，混合包被酶标板做为固相抗原，采用间接酶联免疫吸附试验，建立了检测抗－ＨＩＶ－１／２ＩｇＧ抗体的酶联诊断试剂盒。检测卫生部药品和生物制品检定所提供的４１份质控参比血清，其特异性、敏感性均为１００％，变异系数小于１０％。检测１８６份其它病种病人血清均为阴性，与华怡、巴斯德、金     

Analysis of the HIV-1 gp41 specific immune response using a multiplexed antibody detection assay

A fluorescence-based, multiplexed, antibody-binding and mapping assay was developed to characterize antibody responses in HIV-1-infected individuals to the ectodomain of the HIV-1 gp41 envelope glycoprotein. The antigen panel included intact recombinant gp41, the fusion peptide region, the polar region, the N-heptad region, the C-heptad region as well as overlapping epitopes in the 2F5 and 4E10 monoclonal antibody-binding regions. The panel included both native and constrained peptides specifically designed to mimic putative gp41 prefusion and fusion intermediates. The results of these analyses revealed a broad pattern of immune responses against the test antigens, suggesting that none of these gp41 regions are immunologically silent. The HIV-1-positive sera were also evaluated using infectivity inhibition assays. No correlation was evident between the breadth or magnitude of specific anti-gp41 reactivities and virus neutralization potency. These evaluations demonstrated the substantial potential of the multiplexed antibody binding and mapping assay for rapid and sensitive analysis of complex antibody responses.