知信行三级目标理论模式在乳腺癌患者健康教育中的应用

目的 提高乳腺癌患者对疾病相关知识的认识,改善其健康信念,促进其健康行为.方法 将180例乳腺癌择期手术患者随机分为观察组(80例)和对照组(100例).对照组行常规健康教育;观察组运用"知、信、行"三级目标的理论模式进行健康教育,即进行疾病相关知识教育、健康信念的培养和健康行为的支持.术后15 d对患者进行疾病知识、信念、行为及健康教育满意度调查.结果 观察组知识、信念、行为及对健康教育的满意度显著高于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 根据"知、信、行"三级目标的理论模式进行健康教育,可为患者提供相关知识,改善其信念,促进其健康行为.     

路径式健康教育对骨质疏松患者知信行的影响

目的探讨路径式健康教育对骨质疏松患者知信行的影响。方法选择在我院康复科住院的骨质疏松患者120例作为研究对象,随机分为研究组和对照组各60例。对照组给予药物治疗,同时进行常规健康教育,研究组采用在对照组的基础上实施路径健康教育,分别于干预前、干预后12个月比较两组患者对骨质疏松相关知识掌握情况、健康信念、健康行为内容进行评价。结果两组患者出院后12个月骨质疏松症相关知识得分、健康信念总得分、健康行为得分显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论给予患者实施路径式健康教育能够改善骨质疏松患者的知信行,有效提高患者及其家属对骨质疏松症防治相关知识的认知水平,增强患者的自我护理能力,防止骨质疏松性骨折,进而提高治疗效果,改善患者的生活质量。     

知信行三级目标理论模式在乳腺癌患者健康教育中的应用

目的提高乳腺癌患者对疾病相关知识的认识,改善其健康信念,促进其健康行为。方法将180例乳腺癌择期手术患者随机分为观察组（80例）和对照组（100例）。对照组行常规健康教育;观察组运用＂知、信、行＂三级目标的理论模式进行健康教育,即进行疾病相关知识教育、健康信念的培养和健康行为的支持。术后15d对患者进行疾病知识、信念、行为及健康教育满意度调查。结果观察组知识、信念、行为及对健康教育的满意度显著高于对照组（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。结论根据＂知、信、行＂三级目标的理论模式进行健康教育,可为患者提供相关知识,改善其信念,促进其健康行为。     

健康教育路径和知一信一行理论模式在食管癌围术期患者中的应用

目的 探讨规范化的健康教育路径及知-信-行理论模式的综合应用对食管癌手术治疗患者的影响.方法 将拟行食管癌切除胃食管吻合术的80例食管癌患者随机分成观察组和对照组各40例.对照组按普通流程进行常规健康教育,观察组则依照健康教育路径,从入院当天、术前、手术日、术后至出院分阶段对其进行包括疾病知识、相关检查、饮食指导、心理护理等内容的健康教育,并在知-信-行理论模式的指导下评价健康教育实施的效果.结果 观察组健康知识、应对方式面对维度得分及满意度显著优于对照组,而回避、屈服维度得分显著低于对照组(均P＜0.01).结论 将健康教育路径和知-信-行理论模式综合应用于食管癌患者,有助于患者健康知识的掌握,提高健康信念,改善应对方式,提高护理质量.     

支气管哮喘患者知识、信念和行为的调查

目的了解哮喘患者的自我照顾知识、健康信念、自我照顾行为状况,识别其影响因素,为针对性健康教育提供依据。方法采用哮喘患者知识、信念和行为调查问卷对70例哮喘患者进行调查。结果患者的哮喘知识总分8.54±2.59,得分率65.69%;哮喘信念总分46.25±11.37,得分率38.54%;哮喘自我照顾行为总分51.33±16.50,得分率57.03%;哮喘自我监测知识、健康信念、自我照顾监测行为得分率较低,分别为29.50%、30.24%和26.30%。病程及是否有峰流速仪是哮喘患者知识得分的阳性预测指标(均P<0.01);是否有峰流速仪及哮喘严重程度是支气管哮喘患者健康行为的影响因素(均P<0.01)。结论支气管哮喘患者疾病知识掌握较好,用药及自我监测知信行较差;健康教育应注重提升患者的信念和行为依从性。     

社区老年人口腔健康知信行问卷的编制及信效度检验

目的编制社区老年人口腔健康知识、信念及行为问卷,并检测其信效度。方法以"知信行"理论和"健康信念模式"为指导,通过与老年人接触、文献查阅、2轮专家咨询、预试验形成正式施测问卷。对23名老年人间隔2周进行2次测试,检验问卷重测信度;对412名社区老年人进行正式施测,检验问卷信效度,形成最终版问卷。结果经因子分析提取10个因子,共47个条目。知信行3个层面累计解释变异量分别为53.24%、62.30%、48.72%。问卷内容效度分别为0.930、0.880、0.824,条目内容效度为0.800~1.000;Cronbach′sα分别为0.827、0.816、0.856;折半信度为0.676、0.727、0.762;3个层面的重测信度0.814~0.930。结论问卷具有良好的信效度,可以用于社区老年人口腔健康知识、信念及行为评估。     

冠心病患者康复运动知信行问卷的编制及信效度检测

目的编制冠心病患者康复运动知信行问卷,并对其进行信效度检验。方法以知信行理论为框架,采用文献回顾、德尔菲专家函询法构建冠心病患者康复运动知信行问卷,调查130例冠心病患者分析问卷的信效度。结果研发的问卷包括知识、态度、行为3个维度共23个条目,总问卷Cronbach′sα系数为0.833,问卷CVI为0.956,3个维度的CVI分别为0.950、0.960、0.966。结论冠心病患者康复运动知信行问卷具有较好的信效度,可用于评估冠心病患者康复运动知识、态度、行为。     

基于知信行模式的健康教育在社区慢性肾脏病患者中的应用研究

目的探讨基于知信行模式的健康教育在社区慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者中的应用效果。方法采用单纯随机抽样的方法,从北京市朝阳区潘家园第二社区卫生服务中心门诊入选84例CKD患者,按患者就诊的先后顺序分为观察组(42例)和对照组(42例),对照组采用常规的健康教育,观察组采用基于知信行模式的健康教育模式实施干预,2组患者均干预随访12个月,比较2组患者的健康教育效果。结果观察组完成试验者40例,1例失访,1例信息不完整被剔除;对照组完成试验者40例,2例失访。干预前,两组患者在各项目方面比较,没有统计学差异。采用知信行模式的健康教育干预后,观察组患者对CKD相关知识的认知、CKD防治态度、自我管理行为、管控CKD进展高危因素及CKD危险分层下降等方面均显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论基于知信行模式的健康教育可有效提高患者对CKD相关知识的认知水平、培养正确的防治意识和自我管理行为能力,管控CKD进展的高危因素,延缓CKD的进展。     

知信行教育在老年股骨粗隆间骨折术后的应用

[目的]探讨知信行教育模式下老年患者股骨粗隆间骨折术后康复与护理中的应用。[方法] 2018年4月～2019年6月收治的116例老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者按随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组各58例。对照组实施常规健康教育,试验组在常规健康教育基础上,运用知信行教育模式开展术后康复与护理,比较两组患者在健康教育知识、信念、行为、日常生活自理能力、髋关节功能的评分。[结果]试验组通过将知信行教育模式应用于老年患者股骨粗隆间骨折术后康复与护理中,在健康教育相关知识、信念行为、日常生活自理能力、髋关节功能的评分均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。[结论]老年股骨粗隆间骨折术后知信行教育模式的应用,能够提高老年患者的康复知识、信念、行为,改善患者的日常生活自理能力和髋关节功能,对患者的预后有积极的作用。     

尘螨过敏哮喘患儿家长家庭环境控制调查分析

目的评估尘螨过敏性哮喘患儿家长对家庭环境控制的知识、态度信念及行为,为居家环境干预及健康教育管理提供依据。方法用自行设计的一般资料调查表和螨过敏性哮喘家庭环境控制知信行评估表对153名尘螨过敏性哮喘患儿家长进行调查。结果过敏性哮喘家庭环境控制知信行总分79.76±4.66,其中知识维度得分11.27±1.76、态度和信念维度得分19.76±1.58、行为维度得分48.71±2.79。结论患儿家长螨过敏性哮喘家庭环境控制知识得分较低,对相关知识缺乏本质理解;对家庭环境控制的信念及行为较好。护理人员应加强患儿家长尘螨相关知识教育及居家环境干预行为的指导。     

骨质疏松预防与自我管理课程对绝经后女性骨质疏松认知及健康行为的影响

目的评价骨质疏松预防与自我管理课程(osteoporosis prevention and self-management course,OPSMC)对绝经后女性骨质疏松认知及健康行为的影响。方法将2011年7月-2012年7月在沈阳军区总医院就诊的267名绝经后妇女随机分为干预组133例和对照组134例。干预组采用OPSMC规定课程,对照组同步实施与骨质疏松无关的健康宣教。干预前及3个月后分别采用骨质疏松症知识问卷(OKT)、骨质疏松症自我效能量表(OSES)和自设的骨质疏松健康行为问卷对两组受试者进行评价。结果 2组受试者OKT和OSES评分在不同时间点差异有统计学意义(P0.001),不同干预方式对OKT和OSES评分影响不同(P0.001),干预与时间点之间有交互作用(P0.001)。在3个月时,干预组更加重视补充钙剂(19.5%vs1.8%,P0.01)、维生素D(14.4%vs 0.9%,P0.01)、含钙食物摄入(15.3%vs 2.7%,P0.01)、每周锻炼次数(9.3%vs0.9%,P0.01)及强度(27.9%vs 8.8%,P0.01)。结论 OPSMC是一种有效的骨质疏松健康干预措施,短期内可以提高绝经后女性骨质疏松认知水平,促进健康行为。     

福州糖尿病性骨质疏松高骨折风险患者“知-信-行”调查研究

目的调查福州社区糖尿病性骨质疏松高骨折风险患者自我健康管理(知识-信念-行为)的现状,分析骨质疏松症知识水平的影响因素,为进行有针对性的健康教育提供理论依据。方法 2016年12月~2017年3月,应用FRAX中文版子模块筛选出191名DO高骨折风险患者,采用基本情况调查表、骨质疏松症知识问卷(OKT)、骨质疏松症自我效能量表(OSES)和自行设计的健康行为问卷进行统一问卷调查,分析骨质疏松症患者知识、自我效能、健康行为水平及其相关影响因素。结果骨质疏松症知识问卷每题平均得分为(0.44±0.16)分,钙知识维度得分最高,危险因素维度得分最低,性别、学历是骨质疏松症知识得分的影响因素,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),即男性的OKT得分高于女性,学历越高,OKT得分越高。自我效能平均分为(129.13±26.07)分,锻炼自我效能得分低于食钙自我效能。健康行为平均分为(31.74±6.88)分,摄钙健康行为维度得分最低。结论女性、低学历患者是骨质疏松健康教育的重点人群,应强化危险因素教育,提高"治未病"的意识和行为,提供多样化的运动方案和摄钙来源,以降低骨质疏松性骨折发生率。     

Relationship of knowledge about osteoporosis with education level and life habits

AIM: To assess possible relationships of knowledge and related factors with educational level and osteoporosis-related life habits.METHODS: This was a cross sectional study conducted on 268 women (≥ 35 years old) from June 2011 to August 2011. The sample collection was done in outpatient clinics in three university hospitals in Isfahan, Iran. We used a demographic questionnaire containing questions that evaluated osteoporosis-related life habits, including exercise, smoking, intake of calcium and vitamin D supplements and so on. We also used the Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool to measure osteoporosis knowledge of women.RESULTS: The mean level of knowledge about awareness of osteoporosis, its risk factors and preventive factors were 56, 55 and 22, respectively. The relationship of education level and awareness of osteoporosis, its risk factors and preventive factors was significant, with R = 0.76, R = 0.73 and R = 0.83, respectively (P < 0.001). The relationship of education level and osteoporosis-related life habits was not significant (R = 0.03 and P = 0.56). The relationship of osteoporosis-related life habits and awareness of osteoporosis and its risk factors was significant, with R = 16%, P = 0.006 and R = 16%, P = 0.008, respectively, but the relationship of osteoporosis-related life habits and preventive factors was not significant (R = 0, P = 0.99).CONCLUSION: Iranian women with a higher education level have significantly better knowledge about osteoporosis than women with a lower educational level but they do not use this knowledge in their life.     

Knowledge about osteoporosis: assessment, correlates and outcomes

During the last 10 years, we have witnessed an impressive increase in the number of studies examining knowledge about osteoporosis. The aim of the present paper is to examine the status of research on knowledge about osteoporosis by reviewing and analyzing the current literature as it pertains to assessment of knowledge about osteoporosis, factors associated with knowledge, and relationship between knowledge about osteoporosis and participation in health-related behaviors. Finally, future directions in the field are discussed. Many of the studies are still characterized by the lack of a theoretical framework, as well as by various methodological flaws. Serious deficits in knowledge are reported among healthy and diagnosed women and men, as well as among health professionals. Educational interventions are accompanied by an increase in knowledge, but no change in behavior. There is need to expand the research on knowledge about osteoporosis, especially in an effort to increase its impact on the prevention and early diagnosis of the disease. The deficits found in the knowledge of both the general population and among health care professionals, should be addressed by providing updated and reliable information through appropriate health promotion and professional venues.     

马方综合征脊柱侧凸患者术前SRS-22、SF-36问卷心理健康评分分析:与青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者的比较

背景:脊柱畸形不仅影响青少年的外观,还会影响患者的心理健康。但关于马方综合征脊柱侧凸(MSS)畸形对青少年心理健康影响的文献报道并不多。目的:分析接受矫形手术的MSS患者术前SRS-22问卷和SF-36问卷中的心理健康评分情况,并与青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)患者进行比较。方法:回顾分析2010年9月至2014年8月在我院接受手术治疗的28例MSS患者的SRS-22问卷及SF-36问卷结果,其中男7例,女21例;术时年龄11~19岁,平均14.8岁。选取同期收治的56例AIS患者的资料进行配比,男7例,女49例;年龄11~17岁,平均14.3岁。比较两组患者的临床及影像学参数、SRS-22问卷和SF-36问卷中的心理健康评分的差异。结果:MSS组与AIS组患者SRS-22问卷心理健康平均得分分别为3.6±0.5和3.8±0.6,总得分分别为17.8±2.7和19.2±3.0。MSS组与AIS组患者SF-36心理健康最终得分分别为66.3±11.4和71.9±10.3。上述SRS-22问卷及SF-36问卷心理健康得分组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。得分差异主要来自于SRS-22问卷的Q20和SF-36问卷的Q9.8,其他问题得分差异无统计学意义。MSS组患者的上述心理健康评分与患者年龄、身高、体重指数、术前剃刀背高度、主弯冠状面Cobb角、顶椎偏距、术前冠状面躯干平衡情况、术前双肩及骨盆失平衡情况和矢状面胸后凸均无显著相关性(P>0.05)。结论:手术治疗的MSS患者的心理健康状况评分低于AIS患者,这种差异主要来源于问卷中有关愉快感受方面。MSS患者的心理健康状况评分与患者侧凸的临床及影像学参数无明显相关性。     

The effect of training program based on health belief model on burn prevention knowledge in mothers of children aged to 1–3 years: A randomized controlled

PurposeOne of the effective models in health education is the health belief model that considers a person's behavior as a under the influence of knowledge and attitude. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of a training program based on the health belief model in burn prevention knowledge in mothers of children aged between 1 and 3 years old.Design and methodsThis single blind randomized Control Trial study was conducted on 64 mothers with a child aged between 12 and 36 months who were referred to the Health Centers of Shiraz, Iran, in 2018. Accordingly, using cluster sampling, 4 health centers were selected and then 2 centers were assigned to the intervention group and 2 other centers to the control group by randomization. The intervention group received six sessions of training. However, in order to observe the ethical principles, the educational content was provided to the control group at the end of the present study. Both groups completed health belief model questionnaire before, after the intervention, and by passing 2 months from the intervention. The collected data were compared between the two groups using SPSS software, version 25.ResultsWe found no differences in the demographics of the two study groups (P > 0.05). Intragroup comparison in the intervention and control groups indicated a significant difference among the three intervals (both P = 0.001). As well, a difference was found between the intervention and the control groups immediately after the intervention and 2 months after the intervention (both P < 0.001). Additionally, in both groups, the relationship between mothers' knowledge score and each dimension of the health belief model was examined, which was a significant. (P = 0.001).ConclusionHealth belief model can be considered as an effective method for educating mothers in terms of the prevention of children’s burn and the increased the mothers’ knowledge.Practice implicationsThe health belief model was shown to have a good effect on educating mothers regarding child burn’s prevention. So, due to this reason, it is recommended to use this model for burn’s prevention training programs.     

心理护理联合健康教育用于烧伤整形患者护理中的效果

目的 探究心理护理联合健康教育在烧伤整形患者护理中的效果。方法 选取2020年8月-2022年 8月本院收治的62例烧伤整形患者为研究对象，随机分为对照组（n=31）和观察组（n=31）。对照组给予 常规护理，观察组给予心理护理联合健康教育护理干预，比较两组护理满意度、抑郁焦虑评分、生活质 量评分以及健康知识掌握程度。结果 观察组满意率高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；两组 护理后抑郁及焦虑评分均低于护理前，且观察组低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；观察组护 理后生活质量各项评分以及总评分均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；观察组护理后健康知 识掌握程度高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 心理护理联合健康教育在烧伤整形患者 中的应用效果较好，能提高患者的健康知识掌握程度，缓解患者负性情况，进而提升生活质量，且患者 满意率较高。     

湖南省三级甲等综合医院骨科护士骨质疏松症知识调查分析

目的：调查研究湖南省骨科护士骨质疏松症（osteoporosis, OP）知识掌握情况及培训现状,探讨其影响因素,以期提高骨科护士在骨质疏松症患者护理质量及健康教育效果。方法采取整群抽样的方法,对湖南省13家三级甲等综合医院的558名骨科护士进行问卷调查,问卷包括：一般资料、骨质疏松症知识、培训需求三个部分。结果骨科护士骨质疏松症知识平均得分为（11.41±2.46）分,72.3%的护士通过工作经验获得知识,17.5%的护士接受过专业培训,96.6%的护士愿意接受专业培训,婚姻状况和年龄影响因子具有统计学意义,不同年龄层、不同婚姻状况之间得分比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）,且年龄越大,知识得分越高。结论湖南省三级甲等综合医院骨科护士骨质疏松症基本知识不足,对骨质疏松症相关知识来源单一,相关机构需要设置专业的、有针对性的、多样式的继续教育。     

Assessment of Fracture Risk

Osteoporosis-related fractures (low-trauma, fragility fractures) are associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditure worldwide. In the absence of a defining fracture, the diagnosis of osteoporosis is based on the World Health Organization’s T-score criteria using central dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Paradoxically, the majority of those patients who will sustain a low-trauma fracture do not meet the T-score definition of osteoporosis. Conversely, younger individuals with bone density in the osteoporotic range but no other risk factors have relatively low fracture rates and yet are frequently considered candidates for osteoporosis therapies. The limited accuracy of bone density testing alone to predict fractures has led to the development of a variety of fracture assessment tools that utilize the combination of bone density and clinical risk factors to improve the prediction of low-trauma fractures. These fracture assessment tools quantitatively predict the 10-year fracture probability of hip and major osteoporosis-related fractures, and can be used to define cost-effective intervention strategies for primary and secondary fracture prevention.     

成年人预防痴呆健康信念现状及影响因素研究

目的了解成年人预防痴呆健康信念现状及其影响因素,为制定痴呆一级预防策略提供参考。方法采用一般情况调查表、痴呆预防知识问卷、中文版改变生活方式和健康行为以降低痴呆风险动机量表对666名中西部地区18岁以上成年人进行网络调查。结果成年人预防痴呆健康信念总得分为(93.31±12.84)分,7个维度中总体健康动机得分最高,易感性及严重性感知得分较低。回归分析结果显示,性别、年龄、痴呆家族史及痴呆预防知识是成年人预防痴呆健康信念的主要影响因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论中西部地区成年人预防痴呆健康信念处于中等水平,且受多种因素影响,应重点关注男性、中青年人群及有痴呆家族史者,多渠道加强痴呆预防知识宣教,以增强人们预防痴呆的健康信念、促进痴呆预防行为。