新密市2143名妇女癌症综合防治知识问卷调查分析

[目的]了解河南省新密市农村地区30～59岁年龄段妇女对癌症综合防治知识知晓率。[方法]2008年5月～2008年7月,采取整群抽样的方式,在河南省新密市宫颈癌高发地区的大隗镇,在30～59岁年龄段的妇女中,随机抽取2143名妇女,采用现场一对一的方式问卷。[结果]30～44岁组和高中及以上文化组癌症综合防治知识知晓率相应地高于45～59岁年龄组和初中及以下文化组(P<0.01)。[结论]防癌抗癌活动的开展提高了新密市大隗镇调查对象的癌症综合防治知识知晓率,特别是30～44岁组和高中及以上文化组人群。但是仍需要进一步加大对45～59岁年龄组和初中及以下文化组人群癌症综合防治知识的宣教力度。     

湖南省慈利县3609名妇女癌症综合防治知识问卷调查分析

[目的]了解湖南省慈利县农村地区30～59岁年龄段妇女的癌症综合防治知识知晓率。[方法]2006年8月～2006年10月，采用整群抽样的方式，在湖南省慈利县宫颈癌高发的高峰乡、宜冲桥乡及三合口乡，30～59岁年龄段的妇女中，随机抽取3618名妇女，采用现场一对一的方式问卷。[结果]30～44岁组和高中及以上文化组癌症综合防治知识知晓率相应地高于45～59岁年龄组和初中及以下文化组（P〈0．05）。[结论]防癌抗癌活动的开展提高了慈利县调查对象的癌症综合防治知识知晓率，特别是30～44岁组和高中及以上文化组人群．但是仍需要进一步加大对45～59岁年龄组和初中及以下文化组人群癌症综合防治知识的宣教力度。     

湖南省慈利县3609名妇女子宫颈癌防治知识问卷调查分析

目的为了做好2006年中央支付转移地方的“湖南省慈利县子宫颈癌早诊早治项目”，为了解当地30～59a年龄段妇女的子宫颈癌防治知识，我们进行了这次问卷调查。方法我们先培训一批医务人员，以统一填表的方法，采用现场一对一的方式问卷。结果问卷调查的结果按年龄段分组和文化程度分组比较，总体上30～44a组和高中及以上文化组癌症综合防治知识知晓率相应地高于45～59a年龄组和初中及以下文化组。结论需进一步加大对子宫颈癌防治知识的宣传力度，旨在通过提高当地女性人群的子宫颈癌早期发现率及早期治疗率，达到提高子宫颈癌病人的治愈率和生存率。     

2021年广东省居民癌症防治核心知识知晓情况分析

[目的]了解广东省城乡居民癌症防治核心知识知晓率并分析其相关影响因素。[方法] 2021年8月至11月在广东省内选择11个区县的5 404名调查对象，运用中国居民癌症防治素养调查量表进行线下调查，计算题目知晓率和人群总体知晓率，并采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析影响知晓率的因素。[结果]共收集5 273份合格问卷。广东省癌症防治核心知识知晓率基线水平为74.65%，其中女性、非农业户口、学历大学及以上、医务人员、有肿瘤家族史者知晓率较高。在题目知晓率方面，“癌症认知”及“癌症预防”的知晓率较低，而“癌症管理”中“遵医嘱复查”方面知晓率较高。结合多因素分析结果可知城市户口（OR=1.16,95%CI:1.02～1.32）、教育程度大学及以上（OR=2.28,95%CI:1.65～3.15）、职业为医务人员（OR=2.76,95%CI:2.16～3.53）、体重正常（OR=1.24,95%CI:1.02～1.51）、有肿瘤家族史（OR=1.33,95%CI:1.15～1.55）是人群癌症防治核心知识知晓的有利因素。[结论]广东省癌症防治核心知识知晓率处于全国较高水平，应根据不同特...     

四川巴中市食管癌早诊早治结果分析及居民防癌知识认知调查

[目的]了解四川省巴中市食管癌高发区居民食管癌及癌前病变的患病情况,分析居民防癌知识认知情况,为制定防癌措施提供科学依据。[方法]以40~69岁居民为筛查对象,进行内镜下碘染色及指示性活检筛查。对筛查对象进行癌症防治综合知识问卷调查。[结果]食管炎症及食管轻、中、重度异型增生检出率分别为7.81%、5.63%、1.99%、0.79%,食管癌检出率为0.21%。居民对肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌是我国的常见癌症等知识的知晓率较高;男性、有肿瘤家族史、年龄较小及文化程度高者防癌知识得分较高。[结论]应针对不同筛查对象加大癌症防治知识的宣传力度,提高人群癌症防治知识的知晓率。     

基于我国中部农村地区28万人群的防癌认知调查分析

摘 要：［目的］ 了解我国中部农村地区居民对癌症防治核心知识的认知情况,并探讨影响认知的相关因素,为今后肿瘤综合防治策略与措施的制订提供基础信息。［方法］ 2007~2016年间,以江苏、安徽、山东及河南4省首次参加食管癌、胃癌及肝癌早诊早治项目的34个乡镇为调查现场,以面对面调查的方式对282 272名35～69岁居民进行癌症防治核心知识的问卷调查,并将调查结果赋值进行统计分析。［结果］ 调查人群癌症防治核心知识平均得分为57.7分,57.41%居民的认知得分在40～70分之间,年龄、性别、教育水平、收入水平以及有无恶性肿瘤家族史是影响防癌认知水平的主要因素。调查人群对“肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌为我国常见恶性肿瘤”、“吸烟、饮酒为恶性肿瘤的主要危险因素”、“戒烟、限酒可减少癌症发生”及“肿块、疼痛为癌症警示症状”的认知水平较高,知晓率均在90%以上;对“职业危害是癌症的危险因素”以及“消除职业危害可减少癌症发生”的认知水平较低,知晓率仅20.26%和20.95%。66.35%的居民愿意接受的健康体检频率为每年一次,但大多数居民（55.14%）所能承受的最高自费体检费用为100元以下。［结论］ 我国中部农村地区居民对癌症核心知识的知晓程度偏低,对癌症常见的危险因素、警示症状等知识的认知不够全面,需要接受系统的防癌知识教育。不同年龄、性别、文化程度、收入水平居民的癌症防治核心知识的知晓程度不同。应着重对认知水平较低人群开展多形式癌症防治知识的科普宣传,提高农村居民主动防癌的意识。     

安徽省成年居民癌症防治核心知识知晓现状及影响因素分析北大核心CSCD

[目的]了解安徽省成年居民癌症防治核心知识知晓情况,探究其影响因素,为安徽省癌症的防治提供理论支持。[方法]采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,抽取安徽省13个县区7800名年龄在18岁及以上且自愿参加的常住居民进行癌症防治核心知识知晓情况调查,并对知晓率及其影响因素进行统计分析。[结果]安徽省成年居民总体癌症防治知晓率为74.39%,性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、吸烟经历是影响癌症核心知识知晓率的主要因素,调查对象对“肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌为我国常见癌症”“戒烟、少饮酒措施可以减少癌症的发生”“肿块、疼痛为及时就诊的警示症状”这3个条目的认知很高,知晓率超过90%,研究人群对“有效的预防措施至少可以减少1/3的癌症”和“早发现、早诊断、早治疗可根治约1/3的癌症”知晓率较低,分别为20.96%和26.71%。[结论]安徽省成年居民的癌症防治核心知识的知晓率较高,对于少数知识条目的知晓率较低,需要相关部门根据调查分析,针对重点人群加强宣传教育,提高全人群的癌症防治知识。     

1970—2019年广东省中山市恶性肿瘤患病分析

[目的]分析广东省中山市1970—2019年恶性肿瘤患病资料，为中山市恶性肿瘤防治和医疗资源配置提供科学依据。[方法]收集并整理广东省中山市1970—2019年期间诊断、2019年12月31日仍存活的恶性肿瘤患者资料，统计分析恶性肿瘤患病数、率和年龄别患病率等指标。[结果]截至2019年12月31日，广东省中山市1970—2019年期间诊断恶性肿瘤患病数为39 286例，5年患病率为964.72/10万，女性患病数高于男性，年龄别患病率从30～34岁开始快速上升，75～79岁年龄组达高峰，患病数以40～64岁年龄段最多，不同时期5年患病率明显上升。2010—2019年期间，女性乳腺、肺、结直肠、子宫体和甲状腺等部位恶性肿瘤是广东省中山市主要患病恶性肿瘤。[结论]广东省中山市1970—2019年不同时期恶性肿瘤5年患病率明显上升，近期5年患病率居全球中高水平，鼻咽癌居国内外较高水平，提示广东省中山市应重视恶性肿瘤现患服务，并据以调整医疗资源的配置。     

广东省中山市1970-2015年老年癌症发病分析

[目的]分析广东省中山市1970-2015年老年癌症发病资料,为中山市老年癌症防治提供科学依据。[方法]统计分析广东省中山市1970-2015年老年癌症发病资料的发病数、粗率、标化率和年龄别率等指标。[结果]1970-2015年广东省中山市老年癌症发病38444例,发病世标率为621.12/10万,男性发病率高于女性,且发病呈明显上升趋势。发病高峰年龄为75~79岁组,不同时段发病高峰年龄推迟。肺癌、肝癌、结肠癌、女性乳腺癌和直肠癌是2010-2015年中山市老年发病前5位癌症,鼻咽癌是中山市老年发病常见癌症。[结论]1970-2015年广东省中山市老年癌症发病明显上升,近期位于全球中高水平,提示应加强中山市老年癌症的防治。     

社区居民肿瘤防治知识知晓状况调查分析

[目的]研究社区居民肿瘤防治知识知晓状况,探索肿瘤预防健康教育的有效途径。[方法]对南京市雨花台区460名社区居民及大中专院校在校学生进行了肿瘤防治知识知晓状况基线调查。[结果]居民对肿瘤防治知识的总体知晓率72.5%,居民对肿瘤防治知识知晓率与居民的职业状况密切相关,也与居民年龄因素有关,与居民的教育程度的相关性未能获得统计学支持;居民对肿瘤预防健康教育途径首选公共媒体。[讨论]大众媒体的科普宣传、学校教育、社区医生的健康教育和肿瘤专科医生的专业宣教对肿瘤预防健康教育工作的开展具有十分重要的意义,应多方面工作相互结合,发挥协同效应。     

Tobacco, alcohol, diet, occupation, and carcinoma of the esophagus

Information on occupation, smoking, food and beverage consumption, and medical history were compared between 275 incident cases of carcinoma of the esophagus and 275 neighborhood controls who were matched to the cases on age (within 5 years), race, and sex. Tobacco use, mainly cigarette smoking, was a significant risk factor for carcinoma of the esophagus. Ex-smokers of cigarettes showed a reduced risk relative to those who continued to smoke, and current smokers of two or more packs per day displayed a higher risk than those who smoked less. Alcohol consumption was another significant risk factor for carcinoma of the esophagus; there was a highly significant trend with average daily dose of ethanol. Relative to controls, cases also consumed significantly more fried bacon or ham, less fresh fruits and raw vegetables, and were more likely to prefer white than whole grain bread. Finally, there was a significant association between carcinoma of the esophagus and long-term occupational exposure to metal dust; this association was largely confined to the lower one-third section of the esophagus.     

Age,Race, Sex,Stage, and Incidence of Cutaneous Lymphoma

BackgroundThe incidence of the T- and B-cell CLs has been well documented, but information pertaining to racial incidence by age, and by burden of disease (stage) have not been extensively documented.Materials and MethodsThe SEER 2004-2008 public use database was investigated. The relative incidence of CL in different races and age groups was examined. Univariate and multivariate stepwise logistic regression was performed for the likelihood of presenting at a higher stage.ResultsOf 4496 patients diagnosed with CL between 2004 and 2008; 1713 patients were diagnosed with MF, 1518 with non-MF cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and 1265 patients with cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. For MF, there was a trend for females to be less likely to present with a higher T-stage (T3-T4) than males (odds ratio [OR], 0.73) on multivariate analysis (P = .06). For race, AA had a significantly increased risk of presenting with higher T-stage (T3-T4) MF (OR, 1.72) on multivariate analysis (P = .02), compared with white patients. For white, AA, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Native American/other/unknown, the mean age at diagnosis was 59.2, 51.5, 51.3, and 53.8. These groups presented at a significantly different age than white (P = .0001, 0.0001, and 0.0006).ConclusionNonwhite racial groups present with MF at an earlier age compared with white, and AA have increased risk of presenting with higher T-stage compared with white. These findings have significant implications regarding need for earlier diagnosis and understanding the reasons for racial disparity in age and stage of presentation.     

Fat, fiber, fruits, vegetables, and risk of colorectal adenomas

A case-control study was conducted at the National Naval Medical Center (Maryland, USA) from 1994 to 1996 to investigate the possible association between dietary factors and colorectal adenomas. Cases (n = 239) were subjects diagnosed with adenomas (146 new and 93 recurrent) by sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Those with no evidence of adenomas found by sigmoidoscopy were recruited as controls (n = 228). Dietary variables, assessed by a 100-item food frequency questionnaire, were analyzed by the logistic regression model, which was adjusted for age, gender and total energy intake. Variables of fat intake were further adjusted for red meat intake. An increased risk of 7% [odds ratio (OR): 1.07; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.94-1.22] per 5% energy/day from total fat was observed. Every additional 5% unit of oleic acid intake/day significantly increased the adenoma risk by 115% (OR: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.05-4.39). Red meat fat increased the risk by 20% (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.71-2.04), and white meat fat decreased the risk by 67% (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.19-0.95) for every additional 5% unit of respective intake/day. Risk decreased by 41% (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.41-0.86) for every additional 5% unit of fiber intake/day. Vegetable [OR per 100 g of vegetable intake/day: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.67-1.04] and fruit (OR per 100 g of fruit intake/day: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.82-1.03) intake showed an inverse association, and the results are suggestive of an association with the risk for adenomas. In conclusion, a strong positive association between oleic acid intake and colorectal adenoma risk was observed. This is likely to be an indicator of "unhealthy" food (meat, dairy, margarine, mayonnaise, sweet baked food) consumption in this population. Increased intake of dietary fiber was associated with a moderately decreased risk of adenomas.     

Susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum to tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin

The in vitro activity of tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin was tested against 63 clinical isolates of Ureaplasma urealyticum. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined by the broth microdilution method in A7 medium. The MIC(50) and MIC(90) of the tested agents after 24 h of incubation were as follows: tetracycline, 0.5 and 2.0 μg/ml; doxycycline, 0.125 and 0.25 μg/ml; erythromycin, 2.0 and 8.0 μg/ml; roxithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; clarithromycin, 0.25 and 1.0 μg/ml; azithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; levofloxacin, 1.0 and 2.0 μg/ml; and moxifloxacin, 0.5 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively. The MIC values after 24 h and 48 h incubation differed by no more than one dilution for all the agents with the exception of doxycycline (two dilution difference for MIC(90)). Overall, moxifloxacin was the most active agent in vitro against U. urealyticum, with the narrowest difference between MIC and MBC values, followed closely by levofloxacin. Clarithromycin was the most active macrolide.     

Susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum to Tetracycline,Doxycycline, Erythromycin,Roxithromycin, Clarithromycin,Azithromycin, Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin

Abstract

The in vitro activity of tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin was tested against 63 clinical isolates of Ureaplasma urealyticum. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined by the broth microdilution method in A7 medium. The miC50 and miC90 of the tested agents after 24 h of incubation were as follows: Tetracycline, 0.5 and 2.0 μg/ml; doxycycline, 0.125 and 0.25 μg/ml; erythromycin, 2.0 and 8.0 μg/ml; roxithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; clarithromycin, 0.25 and 1.0 μg/ml; azithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; levofloxacin, 1.0 and 2.0 μg/ml; and moxifloxacin, 0.5 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively. The MIC values after 24 h and 48 h incubation differed by no more than one dilution for all the agents with the exception of doxycycline (two dilution difference for MIC₉₀). Overall, moxifloxacin was the most active agent in vitro against U. Urealyticum, with the narrowest difference between MIC and MBC values, followed closely by levofloxacin. Clarithromycin was the most active macrolide.     

Occurrence,Efficacy, Metabolism,and Toxicity of Triclosan

Triclosan has broad-spectrum anti-microbial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is widely used in personal care products, household items, medical devices, and clinical settings. Due to its extensive use, there is potential for humans in all age groups to receive life-time exposures to triclosan, and, indeed, triclosan has been detected in human tissues and the environment. Data gaps exist regarding the chronic dermal toxicity and carcinogenicity of triclosan, which is needed for the risk assessment of triclosan. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) nominated triclosan to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) for toxicological evaluations. Currently, the NTP is conducting several dermal toxicological studies to determine the carcinogenic potential of triclosan, evaluate its endocrine and developmental-reproductive effects, and investigate the potential UV-induced dermal formation of chlorinated phenols and dioxins of triclosan. This paper reviews data on the human exposure, environmental fate, efficacy of anti-microbial activity, absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, endocrine disrupting effects, and toxicity of triclosan.     

Histologic features of bladder cancer in Boston,USA, Manchester,UK, and Nagoya,Japan

Histologic characteristics of bladder cancer in Boston, USA, Manchester, UK, and Nagoya, Japan, were evaluated. In each of these areas broadly-based series of cases were assembled during a collaborative case-control study. The present analysis was based on 589 cases in Boston, 484 cases in Manchester, and 241 cases in Nagoya. A single pathologist reviewed a slide of the primary tumor without reference to identifying information or other data. The primary histologic type of nearly all tumors was transitional-cell, and there was little variation in the proportion of transitional-cell tumors among the study areas. Nor was there much variation in the distribution of histologic grade, the proportion of tumors showing submucosal invasion, or the proportion of tumors with a papillary surface. Age at diagnosis was strongly correlated with histologic grade. The proportion of grade III (most malignant) tumors was about twice as high among patients 80 years of age and over as among those aged less than 50. An apparent association between age and submucosal invasion was explained in large part by the relationships of histologic grade to submucosal invasion and to age. Other histologic features had only weak and inconsistent relations with age. None of the features evaluated showed consistent associations with history of cigarettesmoking or with sex.     

A comparison of general,genitourinary, bowel,and sexual quality of life among long term survivors of prostate,bladder, colorectal,and lung cancer

ObjectivesStudies of local stage prostate cancer survivors suggest that treatments carry risk of persistent impotence, incontinence, and bowel dysfunction. To examine impacts of cancer type and side effects on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in long-term cancer survivorship, we evaluated 5-year follow-up of patients with prostate cancer and compared results with a matched group of male long-term survivors of other local-stage cancers.Materials and MethodsWe examined genitourinary, bowel and sexual symptoms, and general quality of life. Matched survivors of colorectal, lung, and bladder cancers were recruited via registries in 3 different regions in the United States. Patients were surveyed 3–5 years after diagnosis with the SF-12 and EPIC to evaluate general mental and physical health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and patient function and bother.ResultsWe analyzed responses from long-term prostate (n = 77) and bladder, colorectal, and lung cancer (n = 124) patients. In multivariate analysis, long-term local stage prostate cancer survivors had significantly higher SF-12 physical component scores but did not differ from long-term survivors of other cancers in terms of their SF-12 mental summary scores. Prostate survivors had similar mental, urinary, bowel, and sexual HRQoL compared to long-term survivors of other local stage cancers.ConclusionLong-term general and prostate-specific HRQoL was similar between local stage prostate and bladder, colorectal, and lung patients with cancer. Future research focusing on factors other than initial treatment and the cancer type per se may provide more meaningful information regarding factors that predict disparities on HRQoL among longer-term survivors of early stage male cancers.