静脉溶栓治疗老年急性心肌梗死疗效分析

目的探讨老年急性心肌梗死接受静脉溶栓治疗的疗效。方法60例急性心肌梗死患者分为静脉溶栓组（A组）和非静脉溶栓组（B组）,分别对两组的临床疗效进行比较。结果静脉溶栓组再通率为22例,占73．3％,非静脉溶栓组再通率为12例,占40％,静脉溶栓组30d死亡2例（6．7％）,非静脉溶栓30d死亡8例（26．7％）,（P〈0．05）具有临床统计学意义,并发症静脉溶栓组均低于非静脉溶栓组（P〈0．05）。结论老年急性心肌梗死及早行静脉溶栓治疗疗效显著,值得推广。     

临床护理路径在急性心肌梗死溶栓中的应用

目的探讨急性心肌梗死（acutemyocardial infarction,AMI）溶栓的护理效果。方法60急性心肌梗死患者,分为对照组30例、实验组30例,对照组人院后按常规的急救护理措施,实验组应用临床护理路径对患者进行急救护理,两组均采用静脉给药溶栓法,观察两组患者再通率、病死率和近期并发症指标。结果实验组的再通例数高于对照组（X^2=3．95,P〈0．05）、病死例数、近期并发症均低于对照组（X^2=4．01,P〈0．05）。结论临床护理路径在急性心肌梗死患者中的应用可提高再通率,减少病死率。     

糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死静脉溶栓治疗的护理研究

目的探讨糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死静脉溶栓治疗的护理效果。方法选取本院2011年5月～2013年5月糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死患者84例,均行静脉溶栓治疗。根据护理方法不用分为两组,常规护理患者42例为对照组,护理干预患者42例为观察组,比较两组患者的治疗效果及并发症情况。结果观察组开始溶栓时间（4．6±0．5）h、住院时间（11．4±2．3）d均明显小于对照组（5．7±1．2）h、（15．2±3．1）d,观察组栓塞血管再通率（97．6％）明显高于对照组（83.3％）,观察组并发症发生率（7．1％）明显低于对照组（31．0％）,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死患者行溶栓治疗时,有效的护理干预可明显缩短治疗时间,提高治疗效果,降低并发症发生率,改善预后。     

急性心肌梗死早期尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗的临床分析

目的探讨尿激酶早期静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死的临床疗效及不良反应。方法2005年2月至2008年8月来我院就诊的急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者80例,经静脉尿激酶（UK）溶栓治疗患者42例,为UK溶栓观察组。同期未溶栓治疗患者38例为未溶栓对照组,除不用尿激酶以外,其余治疗均与UK溶栓组相同。结果UK溶栓观察组冠脉再通率为66．7％,常规对照组为15．8％,UK溶栓观察组4周病死率为4．8％,常规对照组为18．4％,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。UK溶栓观察组严重的心律失常率为28．6％,未溶栓对照组为55．3％,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论急性心肌梗死早期进行尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗可提高AMI血管再通率,降低病死率,减少心力衰竭发生,并发症少,不良反应轻,价格低廉,能提高其生活质量,值得基层医院临床推广。     

急性心肌梗死早期尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗的临床分析

目的探讨尿激酶早期静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死的临床疗效及不良反应。方法2005年2月至2008年8月来我院就诊的急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者80例,经静脉尿激酶（UK）溶栓治疗患者42例,为UK溶栓观察组。同期未溶栓治疗患者38例为未溶栓对照组,除不用尿激酶以外,其余治疗均与UK溶栓组相同。结果UK溶栓观察组冠脉再通率为66．7％,常规对照组为15．8％,UK溶栓观察组4周病死率为4．8％,常规对照组为18．4％,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。UK溶栓观察组严重的心律失常率为28．6％,未溶栓对照组为55．3％,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论急性心肌梗死早期进行尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗可提高AMI血管再通率,降低病死率,减少心力衰竭发生,并发症少,不良反应轻,价格低廉,能提高其生活质量,值得基层医院临床推广。     

老年急性心肌梗死院前静脉溶栓的临床研究

目的探讨老年人急性心肌梗死（AMI）院前静脉溶栓的可行性及安全性。方法老年AMI61例，随机分为院前溶栓组和对照组，院前溶栓组30例，给予扩张冠状动脉、抗心律失常等对症处理，并给予尿激酶院前静脉溶栓，对照组31例，除不用尿激酶静脉溶栓外，其他治疗同院前溶栓组。结果院前溶栓组梗死血管再通率明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）．4周内住院平均心脏事件发生率均明显低于对照组（P〈0.05），2组患者不良反应发生率比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论院前静脉溶栓治疗老年AMI能提高梗死血管再通率，可明显改善患者的的生存质量和提高生存率，并且安全可靠。     

急诊溶栓在急性心肌梗死再灌注治疗中的价值

目的探讨急诊溶栓（ETT）在急性心肌梗死（AMI）再灌注治疗中的价值。方法81例患者分为急诊溶栓组和住院溶栓组。观察不同时问宙的溶栓与再通率，行补救性急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）例数及死亡情况，院前及院内耽搁时间。结果急诊溶栓组院内耽搁时间比住院组少（P〈0．05），发病2h内获得溶栓率显著高于住院组（P〈0．05）。各时间窗溶栓再通率以2h内为最高。各时间窗血管再通率、补救性PCI数及病死率组间比较差异无显著性，死亡原因均为心源性休克或泵衰竭。结论AMI患者院前就进入AMI急诊绿色通道进行ETT，可有效缩短就诊至溶栓时间，提高再灌注成功率，更好地挽救濒死心肌。合并心源性休克或泵衰竭者病死率高，宜首选PCI治疗。     

急诊绿色通道溶栓救治急性心肌梗死的效果评估

目的评估急性心肌梗死患者在急诊科通过绿色通道进行静脉溶栓的效果。方法比较急性心肌梗死患者在急诊科通过绿色通道进行静脉溶栓（EICU组）和在心血管科住院后进行静脉溶栓治疗（CCU组）患者的治疗效果,对比两组开始溶栓时间、再通率、病死率、溶栓治疗后2周左室射血分数。结果EICU组平均开始溶栓治疗时间为（35±5）min;再通41例（73．2％）,急诊科住院期间死亡2例（3．8％）;溶栓后2周左室射血分数（LVEF）为（52．01±0．18）％。CCU组平均开始溶栓治疗时间为（130±15）min;再通40例（57．1％）,住院期间死亡6例（8．6％）;溶栓后2周左室射血分数（LVEF）为（43．11±0．13）％。各观察指标比较差异均有统计学意义。结论急诊科绿色通道的建立,为急性心肌梗死患者进行静脉溶栓治疗争取了宝贵的时间,显著提高了血管再通率,明显改善心肌梗死患者的心功能,降低病死率。     

静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死50例

目的观察急性心肌梗死静脉溶栓治疗的效果及并发症防治对策。方法急性心肌梗死患者分为溶栓组和对照组,对照组采用常规治疗,溶栓组在常规治疗基础上加用尿激酶治疗。溶栓组根据溶栓开始距发病时间少于6 h和6～12 h又分为A组和B组。观察各组胸痛缓解时间、心电图和心肌酶谱改变以及并发症。结果溶栓组再通率62.00%,高于对照组（P〈0.05）;A组再通率75.86%,B组再通率42.86%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。溶栓组未见严重并发症。结论急性心肌梗死尿激酶静脉溶栓是安全、有效的。溶栓治疗效果与溶栓开始时间密切相关,其中护理配合在并发症防治中起重要作用。     

急性心肌梗死的院前急救的临床分析

目的探讨院前急性心肌梗死院前给予静脉溶栓治疗是有效的、安全的急救措施。方法院前接受尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗的急性心肌梗死患者52例为观察组,同期住院后行尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗的急性心肌梗死患者58例为对照组,并且两组进行比较。结果院前急性心肌梗死诊断准确率达100%,院前无一例死亡。结论急性心肌梗死院前静脉溶栓治疗争取了时间,提高冠脉再通率,安全、可行。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.