当归多糖铁治疗溶血性贫血小鼠的实验研究

目的:考察当归多糖铁复合物(APIC)对溶血性贫血小鼠的治疗效果。方法:腹腔注射苯肼建立溶血性贫血小鼠模型。随机分为阴性对照组(不进行造模)、模型组、3个试验组(包括APIC组、硫酸亚铁组及混合物组)和阳性对照组。阴性对照组和模型组给予去离子水,试验组分别给予APIC(高、中、低剂量)、硫酸亚铁、当归多糖 三氯化铁混合物,阳性对照组给予多糖铁复合物力蜚能,监测给药前后红细胞计数RBC、血红蛋白Hb、红细胞比积HCT等血液指标的变化。结果:除当归多糖铁低剂量组外,试验组和阳性对照组各项检测指标与模型组比较,差异均有显著性,且实验后Hb和HCT基本恢复至正常水平。当归多糖铁低剂量组各检测指标的变化值与模型组相比差异无显著性,但各项指标的恢复情况要略优于模型组。结论:当归多糖铁复合物具有一定的治疗溶血性贫血的作用,并存在量效关系。     

当归多糖铁复合物治疗缺铁性贫血大鼠的实验研究

目的:考察当归多糖铁复合物对缺铁性贫血大鼠的治疗效果,为当归多糖铁的开发与应用提供理论依据。方法:采用给予低铁饲料结合定期少量放血的方法建立缺铁性贫血大鼠模型,监测给药前后血红蛋白、红细胞计数、血细胞比容、全血铁等观察指标的变化。结果:各剂量当归多糖铁组(12．5,25,50 mg·kg~(-1))实验大鼠各项检测指标与阴性组比较均有显著差异(P＜0．01)。各剂量当归多糖铁组实验大鼠各项检测指标与阳性组比较均无显著差异(P＞0．05)。结论:当归多糖铁复合物具有较好的治疗缺铁性贫血作用,有望开发成为一种新型、具有双重补血作用的补铁剂。     

贫血患者网织红细胞参数与贫血临床治疗的意义

目的 探讨贫血患者临床治疗过程中网织红细胞参数变化的临床意义.方法 选择408例贫血患者,采用先进的血细胞分析仪测定贫血患者治疗前后网织红细胞参数的动态变化.结果 治疗前后各种贫血患者的网织红细胞参数比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,除溶血性贫血患者治疗前后比较,且差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）外,治疗后各种贫血患者（除溶血性贫血患者外）网织红细胞百分率（RET%）、未成熟网织红细胞比率（IRF）和强荧光强度网织红细胞百分率（HFR%）比治疗前均有显著性提高.结论 RET参数在贫血的治疗和药物疗效监测等方面具有重要的参考价值.     

国产与进口红细胞生成素治疗慢性肾功能衰竭性贫血比较

目的:比较国产与进口红细胞生成素(EPO)治疗慢性肾功能衰竭性贫血的疗效.方法:对40例患者随机分成治疗组和对照组,每组20例,治疗组用国产EPO,对照组用进口EPO,均行皮下注射EPO 3 000 U,每周2次,比较治疗前后血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞计数(RBC)、网织红细胞(Ret)、血细胞比容(HCT)值.结果:Hb、RBC、Ret、HCT值治疗前后比较差异有极显著性(P＜0.01),两组疗效差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论:国产红细胞生成素疗效确定、可靠,具有药物经济学价值.     

苯肼诱发昆明种小鼠溶血性贫血模型的建立

目的观察昆明种小鼠腹腔注射苯肼后外周血成熟红细胞和网织红细胞的变化规律,建立昆明种小鼠溶血性贫血模型。方法健康雄性昆明种小鼠18只,随机分为溶剂对照组、低剂量苯肼组和高剂量苯肼组,每组6只。对照组于第0天经腹腔注射生理盐水,低剂量苯肼组和高剂量苯肼组动物分别经腹腔一次注射30和60 mg/kg·bw的苯肼,之后每天鼠尾采血进行红细胞计数和网织红细胞计数。结果苯肼注射后,低剂量苯肼组和高剂量苯肼组小鼠外周血红细胞总数与成熟红细胞总数均逐渐下降,分别在第5天和第4天达到最低,且高剂量苯肼组下降的程度显著高于低剂量苯肼组;此后,红细胞总数与成熟红细胞总数逐渐开始回升,在第13天恢复至对照组水平。同时,苯肼注射后,从第1天开始小鼠外周血网织红细胞总数和比例进行性上升,低剂量组网织红细胞总数和比例均于第6天达到最高,高剂量组网织红细胞总数于第5天达到最高,网织红细胞比例于第4天达到最高,之后便逐渐回落,于第13天完全恢复至正常水平。结论单次腹腔注射苯肼可诱发昆明小鼠轻度溶血性贫血,并刺激造血组织红系造血以恢复外周血红细胞水平,检测外周血红细胞总数和网织红细胞总数可以反映该溶血性贫血模型的贫血进展过程和红系造血功能状态。     

多糖铁复合物治疗妊娠期缺铁性贫血的疗效观察

目的：分析多糖铁复合物对妊娠期缺铁性贫血的预防效果。方法选取首次早孕检查无贫血的孕妇80例,按随机数字表法分为甲组和乙组各40例。甲组于首次妊娠检查第2天开始服用多糖铁复合物,乙组于妊娠第13周开始服用多糖铁复合物。分别于孕24周、32周及分娩前各进行一次血常规检查,对比2组血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞计数（RBC）、红细胞压积（HCT）及妊娠期缺铁性贫血的发生率、不良反应。结果甲组孕24周、32周及分娩前的 Hb、RBC、HCT 均较乙组高（P ﹤0.05）;甲组妊娠期缺铁性贫血发生率明显低于乙组,差异均有统计学意义（ P ﹤0.05）;2组都无不良反应发生。结论多糖铁复合物可有效的预防妊娠期缺铁性贫血的发生,且无不良反应,其预防效果与使用时间有关,故建议在孕早期进行使用。     

蔗糖铁联合应用促红细胞生成素治疗血透患者肾性贫血的临床观察

目的观察静脉蔗糖铁(氢氧化铁蔗糖复合物)联合应用重组人促红细胞生成素(rHuEPO)治疗维持性血液透析患者肾性贫血的有效性和安全性。方法将43例维持性血液透析存在贫血的患者随机分为两组,观察组应用蔗糖铁注射液,对照组应用多糖铁复合物胶囊(力蜚能)。两组均联合应用EPO及叶酸、腺苷钴胺治疗;治疗8周后观察患者红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞比容(HCT)、血清铁蛋白(SF)及转铁蛋白饱和度(TSAT)等指标的变化情况及有无不良反应。结果观察组Hb、Hct、SF及TSAT均较治疗前有显著升高且高于对照组。两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),不良反应少。结论静脉用蔗糖铁联合EPO治疗血液透析患者肾性贫血,疗效确切,安全性好。     

复方当归补血作用的研究

目的：研究复方当归对小鼠的补血作用。方法：雌性小鼠随机分组,考察对正常小鼠血常规的影响;应用实验动物模型,考察复方当归对失血性血虚组、化学损伤性血虚小鼠的治疗效果。结果：复方当归对正常小鼠血常规影响不是太大,而失血性血虚、化学损伤性组小鼠的红细胞数（RBC）、血红蛋白含量（Hb）和骨髓有核细胞数及脾重量均明显高于模型组。结论：复方当归血虚小鼠有明显的抗贫血作用,并能促进骨髓及脾脏的造血功能。     

多糖铁复合物治疗孕妇缺铁性贫血的临床观察

目的观察多糖铁复合物（力蜚能）治疗孕妇缺铁性贫血的疗效及不良反应。方法 138例缺铁性贫血的孕妇随机分为观察组（70例）和对照组（68例）,前者给予力蜚能胶囊治疗,后者给予硫酸亚铁片治疗;治疗4周,观察治疗前后孕妇的临床症状、实验室指标及不良反应的发生率。结果治疗4周后,治观察组的实验室指标红细胞计数（RBC）、血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞压积（HCT）、血清铁（SI）水平明显高于对照组,统计学比较存在差异,且前者不良反应较后者少。结论力蜚能治疗孕妇缺铁性贫血的疗效优于硫酸亚铁,且不良反应少,是治疗孕期缺铁性贫血的理想药物。     

网织红细胞参数在贫血诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨网织红细胞参数在诊断贫血患者中的应用价值.方法 用SysmexXE-2100全自动血细胞分析仪检测63例贫血患者及30例正常人的网织红细胞百分比(RET%)、网织红细胞绝对值(RET#)、未成熟红细胞组分(IRF)、高散射光强度网织红百分比(HFR)等网织红细胞参数.结果 再生障碍性贫血、地中海贫血、缺铁性贫血治疗前RET%、RET#、IRF、HFR等各项指标与对照组相比均有显著性意义(P＜0.05);各组贫血治疗后比治疗前均有显著性意义(P＜0.05).结论 测定网织红细胞及其相关参数对于贫血病人的辅助诊断,临床治疗的效果判断有一定的参考价值.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.