乙型肝炎病毒C基因启动子变异与白细胞介素10与12、肿瘤坏死因子α、γ-干扰素及病毒含量的关系

目的探讨慢性肝病患者乙型肝炎病毒C基因启动子变异(HBV BCP)与血清白细胞介素10(IL-10)、12(IL-12)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)及病毒含量(HBV DNA)的关系。方法采用PCR微板核酸杂交结合ELISA检测显示技术,对176例HBV慢性感染者(慢性乙型病毒性肝炎轻、中、重度,肝炎肝硬化,慢性重型肝炎和原发性肝癌)血清进行检测HBV BCP区核苷酸(nt)1762碱基A→T和1764碱基G→A联合突变;采用双抗体夹心ELISA检测技术,检测患者血清细胞因子(IL-10、IL-12、TNF-α和IFN-γ)水平。结果HBVBCP变异阳性组、阴性组间对细胞因子(IL-10、IL-12、TNF-α和IFN-γ)及HBV DNA复制水平的影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),BCP变异阳性组的血清IL-10(80.96±30.86vs72.11±24.19 mg/L)I、L-12(41.33±15.10vs35.98±14.47 mg/L)、TNF-α(56.04±27.05vs38.01±10.49 mg/L)、IFN-γ(19.81±12.29vs16.55±8.99mg/L)和HBV DNA(108.2478±0.9826vs105.8876±1.4822拷贝/ml)的水平明显高于BCP变异阴性组。结论HBV BCP变异可导致血清IL-10I、L-12、TNF-α、IFN-γ和病毒复制水平增高。     

乙型肝炎病毒C基因启动子变异与白细胞介素1O与12、肿瘤坏死因子α、γ-干扰素及病毒含量的关系

目的 探讨慢性肝病患者乙型肝炎病毒C基因启动子变异(HBV BCP)与血清白细胞介素10(IL-10)、12(IL-12)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)及病毒含量(HBV DNA)的关系. 方法 采用PCR微板核酸杂交结合ELISA检测显示技术,对176例HBV慢性感染者(慢性乙型病毒性肝炎轻、中、重度,肝炎肝硬化,慢性重型肝炎和原发性肝癌)血清进行检测HBV BCP区核苷酸(nt)1762碱基A→T和1764碱基G →A联合突变;采用双抗体夹心ELISA检测技术,检测患者血清细胞因子(IL-10、IL-12、TNF-α和IFN-γ)水平. 结果 HBV BCP变异阳性组、阴性组间对细胞因子(IL-10、IL-12、TNF-α和IFN-γ)及HBV DNA复制水平的影响差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),BCP变异阳性组的血清IL-10(80.96±30.86 vs 72.11±24.19 mg/L)、IL-12(41.33±15.10 vs 35.98±14.47 mg/L)、TNF-α(56.04±27.05 vs 38.01±10.49 mg/L)、IFN-γ(19.81±12.29 vs 16.55±8.99 mg/L)和HBV DNA(108.2478±0.9826 vs 105.8876±1.4822拷贝/ml)的水平明显高于BCP变异阴性组. 结论 HBV BCP变异可导致血清IL-10、IL-12、TNF-α、IFN-γ和病毒复制水平增高.     

乙型肝炎病毒前C区1896 G→A点突变对母乳喂养安全性的影响

目的 探讨乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)前C区1896 G→A点突变对母乳喂养安全性的影响.方法 收集62例本院妇产科HBeAg阴性的HBV感染产妇血标本,同时收集这些孕妇产后48 h内初乳.应用PCR固相杂交法检测孕妇血清中HBV DNA前C区1896 G→A突变,荧光定量PeR(FQ-PCR)检测孕妇血清和初乳中HBV DNA含量.分析HBV前c区1896 D→A点突变及孕妇血清HBVDNA含量与初乳中HBV DNA含量的对应关系.结果 62例孕妇血标本共检测到38例HBV前C区1896 G→A点突变(61.3%);突变组初乳HBV DNA阳性率为28.9%(11/38),未突变组初乳HBVDNA阳性率为29.2%(7/24),两组间差异无统计学意义(X2=0.0003,P0.05).孕妇血中HBVDNA高含量组(≥1×105拷贝/ml)初乳HBV DNA阳性率为56.0%(14/25),低含量组(相似文献   

消化道肿瘤患者抗FTL自身抗体检测及诊断意义

目的 探讨抗铁蛋白轻链(ferritin light chain,FTL)自身抗体(以下简称FTL抗体)在常见消化道肿瘤诊断中的价值.方法 用ELISA法检测消化道癌症患者(食管癌、胃癌、原发性肝癌均为250例),慢性肝病患者(乙肝120例、丙肝54例、肝硬化58例)和113例正常人血清中的FTL抗体,比较不同组间FTL抗体含量及阳性率的差异.结果 各癌症组FTL抗体含量均高于正常对照组(均P＜0.001),其中肝癌组FTL抗体含量高于食管癌组和胃癌组(均P＜0.001);肝癌组FTL抗体含量高于慢性肝病组(P=0.000),慢性肝病组FTL抗体含量高于正常对照组(P=0.000);食管癌、胃癌、肝癌、慢性肝病组FTL抗体阳性率分别为46.8％、48.4％、61.6％、32.3％,均高于正常对照组的0.9％(均P =0.000),其中肝癌组抗体阳性率高于食管癌、胃癌和慢性肝病组(均P＜0.01),慢性肝病组抗体阳性率高于正常对照组(x2=43.738,P=0.000);FTL抗体检测食管癌、胃癌、肝癌的灵敏度分别为46.8％、48.4％ 、61.6％,特异度均为99.1％.结论 FFL抗体在消化道肿瘤患者体内含量增高,对于诊断消化道肿瘤有一定意义.     

血清GP73、HSP27联合AFP检测在HBV相关早期肝细胞癌诊断的价值

目的 探讨高尔基蛋白73(GP73)、热休克蛋白27(HSP27)联合甲胎蛋白(AFP)检测在乙型肝炎相关性早期肝细胞癌诊断中的价值。 方法 选择50例HBV相关早期肝细胞癌患者、50例乙肝肝硬化患者和30名健康人,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测GP73、HSP27水平,电化学发光法检测AFP含量。实时荧光定量PCR方法测定肝癌患者的HBV-DNA水平。 结果 早期肝癌组患者血清GP73、HSP27、AFP水平分别为(266.37±98.41)ng/ml、(847.18±211.72)pg/ml、(368.56±65.32)ng/ml,明显高于肝硬化组[(60.23±32.30)ng/ml、(338.46±114.3)pg/ml、(26.22±8.58)ng/ml]、以及对照组[(23.32±11.08)ng/ml、(73.39±38.54)pg/ml、(7.15±3.32)ng/ml],差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01);早期肝癌组患者血清AFP、GP73、HSP27单项检测阳性率分别为75%、82%、74%,及AFP+GP73+HSP27联合检测的阳性率为86%,均明显高于肝硬化组(分别为48%、37.5%、18%、32%)及健康对照组(分别为3%、6%、0、0)(均P<0.01),其中AFP+GP73+HSP27联合检测阳性率最高(P<0.01);AFP、GP73及HSP27与HBV-DNA的相关性为0.076、0.119、0.176(P>0.05)。 结论 GP73、HSP27与AFP联合检测可作为诊断肝细胞癌的重要指标,为早期发现及治疗提供依据,它们与HBVDNA情况无关。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清及肝组织HBV-DNA含量与肝损害的相关性研究

目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者,血清及肝组织HBV-DNA含量与肝损害的相关性研究。方法采用实时荧光定量PCR法,检测76例慢性乙型肝炎患者,血清及肝组织HBV-DNA水平。结果 HBeAg阳性组肝组织HBV-DNA(12.56±3.38)×107拷贝/ml,和血清HBV-DNA(9.13±2.97)×107拷贝/ml定量,均明显高于HBeAg阴性组(1.25±0.61)×107拷贝/ml和(0.98±0.52)×107拷贝/ml,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肝组织炎症G2-4组肝组织HBV-DNA定量(8.09±2.98)×107拷贝/ml,明显高于G0-1(5.32±2.24)×107拷贝/ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肝组织纤维化S2-4组(7.78±2.87)×107拷贝/ml,肝组织HBV-DNA定量明显高于G0-1(6.13±2.39)×107拷贝/ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而血清HBV-DNA定量,在肝组织炎症程度G0-1与G2-4之间,肝组织纤维程度S0-1与S2-4之间比较,差异均无统计学意义。结论肝组织和血清HBV-DNA与HBeAg的表达密切相关,肝组织HBV-DNA载量与肝脏损伤程度呈明显相关,能够客观反映肝组织炎症及纤维化程度;而血清HBV-DNA定量与肝组织炎症和脏纤维化程度无明显关系。     

慢性丙型肝炎患者人巨细胞病毒感染及肝脏损害状况的研究

目的 探讨慢性丙型肝炎患者人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)感染及合并感染者的肝脏损害状况.方法 选取95例慢性丙型肝炎患者(病例组)及95例健康体检者(对照组),应用荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)法检测两组HCMV-DNA含量,比较两组HCMV-DNA阳性率.应用FQ-PCR法检测慢性丙型肝炎患者HCV-RNA含量,进一步分析病例组中高病毒含量(＞104拷贝/ml)患者和低病毒含量(≤104拷贝/ml)患者HCMV-DNA阳性率的差异.采用速率法检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平,分析不同患者肝脏损害状况.结果 病例组HCMV-DNA阳性25例,阳性率为26.3％(25/95),对照组HCMV-DNA阳性5例,阳性率为5.3％(5/95),两组比较差异有统计学意义(x2=14.29,P＜ 0.01).病例组中高病毒含量患者(43例)HCMV-DNA阳性21例,阳性率为48.8％(21/43),低病毒含量患者(52例)HCMV-DNA阳性4例,阳性率为7.7％(4/52),两者比较差异有统计学意义(x2=19.90,P＜0.01).病例组血清ALT、AST水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),病例组HCMV-DNA阳性患者血清ALT、AST水平显著高于HCMV-DNA阴性患者(P＜0.01).结论 慢性丙型肝炎患者更易合并HCMV的活动性感染;慢性丙型肝炎患者合并HCMV活动性感染时,进一步加重肝脏损害.     

人宫颈癌基因对原发性肝癌的诊断价值

目的 评价人宫颈癌基因(HCCR)在原发性肝癌(primary hepatic carcinoma,PHC)诊断中的作用.方法 分析40例原发性肝癌患者、40例慢性肝病患者与40名体检者血清中HCCR的水平,应用受试者工作特性曲线(ROC)对HCCR检测结果进行分析评价.结果 ①40例肝癌组HCCR浓度(136.850 IU/L±74.671 IU/L)高于肝病组(65.165IU/L±18.359 IU/L)和对照组(71.368 IU/L±16.014 IU/L),差异有统计学意义(P=0.000).②HCCR、AFP诊断原发性肝癌ROC曲线下面积分别为0.863、0.973.③在诊断原发性肝癌方面,HCCR与AFP无明显相关性(r=0.268,P=0.003).结论 HCCR对PHC有重要的诊断价值,且与AFP无明显相关性,可作为AFP的补充诊断PHC.     

联合检测血清甲胎蛋白、癌胚抗原和糖类抗原125、糖类抗原15-3、糖类抗原19-9水平对原发性肝癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨原发性肝癌诊断中血清肿瘤标志物水平联合检测的价值。方法 回顾性选取2020年2月—2021年6月本院原发性肝癌患者40例作为原发性肝癌组、良性肝病患者40例作为对照组、健康体检人员40例作为健康良性肝病组,运用微粒子化学发光法测定血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原-125(CA125)、糖类抗原15-3(CA15-3)、糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)水平。结果 原发性肝癌组患者的血清CEA、AFP、CA15-3水平高于良性肝病组、健康对照组(P<0.05),CA19-9水平高于良性肝病组、健康对照组(P<0.05),CA-125水平高于良性肝病组、健康对照组(P<0.05),良性肝病组患者的血清CEA、AFP、CA15-3、CA19-9、CA-125水平高于健康对照组(P<0.05)。原发性肝癌组患者的血清AFP阳性率、CEA阳性率、CA15-3阳性率、CA19-9阳性率高于良性肝病组、健康对照组(P<0.05)、血清CA-125阳性率高于健康对照组(P<0.05);良性肝病组患者的血清CA-125阳性率、CA19-9阳...     

慢性乙型肝炎患者HBV前C区及BCP区变异与血清细胞因子的关系

目的探讨乙型肝炎e抗原(HBeAg)阴性和阳性慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)前C区、基本核心启动子(BCP)区变异特点以及与血清细胞因子干扰素(IFN)-γ、白细胞介素(IL)-10水平的关系。方法将120例HBV DNA阳性CHB患者(HBeAg阴性和阳性各60例)与60例健康体检者(对照组)纳入研究。荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)法检测HBeAg阴性和阳性组患者HBV DNA水平,直接测序法检测两组前C区G1896A变异及BCP区A1762T和G1764A变异,双抗夹心酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清细胞因子IFN-γ/、IL-10的水平。结果 120例HBV DNA阳性CHB患者HBV前C区和BCP区变异总检出率为60.00%(72/120),其中HBeAg阴性组变异检出率为80.00%(48/60),HBeAg阳性组变异检出率为40.00%(24/60),两组比较,差异有显著性(x~2=20.00,P=0.000)。HBeAg阴性组G1896A变异(38.33%)和联合变异(G1896A、A1762T和G1764A同时变异,25.00%)的检出率明显高于HBeAg阳性组(16.67%、0.00%)(分别x~2=7.06,P=0.008;x~2=17.14,P=0.000)。变异组血清IFN-7水平为(102.33±27.20)pg/mL,明显高于无变异组(79.18±16.43)pg/mL及对照组(35.77±4.23)pg/mL(分别t=5.72,t=19.33,均P=0.000);变异组血清IL-10水平为(28.13±7.00)pg/mL,明显高于无变异组(13.91±5.42)pg/mL及对照组(13.68±2.27)pg/mL(分别t=12.50,t=15.65,均P=0.000)。结论 G1896A变异和联合变异更常见于HBeAg阴性CHB;G1896A和A1762T/G1764A变异与血清细胞因子IFN-γ和IL-10水平升高有关。     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Fatigue and health in a seafaring population

Background Occupational fatigue is relatively common withinthe general population and has been linked to reduced performance,injury and longer term ill-health. Despite growing acknowledgementof this problem in the maritime sector, little research hasbeen conducted into the risk factors, prevalence and consequencesof seafarers' fatigue. Aims To examine the prevalence of fatigue among seafarers, identifypotential risk factors and assess possible links with poor performanceand ill-health. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire survey of seafarers workingin the offshore oil support, short-sea and deep-sea shippingindustries. A number of tools were used including the fatiguesubscale of the profile of fatigue-related symptoms, the CognitiveFailures Questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire andthe SF36 General Health scale. Results In all, 1855 questionnaires were completed giving anoverall response rate of 20%. Fatigue symptoms were associatedwith a range of occupational and environmental factors, manyunique to seafaring. Reporting a greater number of risk factorswas associated with greater fatigue [e.g. OR = 2.53 (1.90–3.35)for those with three or four risk factors and OR = 9.54 (6.95–13.09)for those with five or more risk factors]. There was also astrong link between fatigue and poorer cognitive and healthoutcomes, with fatigue the most important of a number of riskfactors, accounting for 10–14% of the variance. Conclusions Seafarers' fatigue could impact on safety withinthe industry and may be linked to longer term individual ill-health.It can only be addressed by considering how multiple factorscombine to contribute to fatigue.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Hydrazine inhalation hepatotoxicity

Abstract Hydrazine is a hazardous chemical commonly used as a reactant in rocket and jet fuel cells. Animal studies have demonstrated hepatic changes after hydrazine inhalation. Human case reports of hydrazine inhalation hepatotoxicity are rare. We report a case of mild hepatotoxicity following brief hydrazine vapour inhalation in a healthy young man, which resolved completely on expectant management.     

Fitness standards in airline staff

Employers have a legal duty to manage safety and to meet this duty it is necessary to control risks arising from pre-existing medical conditions. Such conditions can be identified at the time of job placement, but there is little published information about the approach to fitness standards by most airlines. This review is therefore limited to the practice of one major airline. It is illustrated by reference to various occupations within the airline, with the associated rationale.