急性脑梗死患者阿替普酶静脉溶栓后神经功能和预后与血生化常见指标的相关性分析

目的 探讨急性脑梗死患者阿替普酶静脉溶栓后神经功能、预后与血清尿酸、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的相关性。方法 选择2020年1月至2022年12月于长沙市第一医院神经重症监护室收治的行溶栓治疗的急性脑梗死患者220例,根据溶栓后3个月改良的Rankin量表(mRS)评分分为预后不良组91例(mRS评分>2分)和预后良好组129例(mRS评分≤2分)。比较2组血清尿酸、Hcy及LDL-C水平,分析其与患者溶栓后美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分相关性、对溶栓后预后不良的预测价值。结果 与溶栓前比较,2组溶栓后1、3 d血清尿酸、Hcy、LDL-C水平及NIHSS评分明显降低,且溶栓后3 d血清尿酸、Hcy水平及NIHSS评分明显低于溶栓后1 d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。预后不良组溶栓后1、3 d血清尿酸、Hcy、LDL-C水平及NIHSS评分明显高于预后良好组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。Person相关性分析显示,溶栓后1、3 d血清尿酸、Hcy、LDL-C水平与NIHSS评分呈正相关(P&l...     

血清微小RNA-124和微小RNA-199a水平有助于评估急性缺血性脑卒中病情和预后

摘要 目的：探讨血清微小RNA（miR）-124和miR-199a水平与急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）患者病情及预后的关系。 方法：选取84例AIS患者,为观察组,选择同期行健康体检者45例,为对照组;观察组根据美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）对不同病情患者进行分组,轻度组34例（＜5分）、中度组27例（5～15分）、重度组23例（＞15分）。观察组根据随访6个月的改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分,又分为预后良好组39例（≤2分）和预后不良组45例（＞2分）。比较不同病情程度和不同预后AIS患者血清miR-124和miR-199a水平,分析其在AIS病情演变和预后评估中的价值。 结果：观察组入院时的血清miR-124水平低于对照组,miR-199a水平高于对照组（P均＜0.05）。AIS患者入院后血清miR-124水平呈下降趋势,miR-199a水平呈升高趋势,分别在入院24h达到谷底和峰顶,入院48h后逐渐恢复;不同时点内重度组的变化幅度高于轻度组和中度组,预后不良组的变化幅度高于预后良好组（P均＜0.05）;入院24～48h的血清水平对疾病预后评估的价值较强。 结论：血清miR-124和miR-199a水平可帮助评估AIS患者的病情和预后。     

血清胆碱酯酶水平与急性脑梗死患者病情严重程度及预后的关系研究

目的探讨血清胆碱酯酶(CHE)水平与急性脑梗死患者病情严重程度及预后的关系。方法选取2012—2016年上海市松江区方塔中医医院收治的急性脑梗死患者90例,根据美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分分为A组(NIHSS评分≥5分,n=44)与B组(NIHSS评分5分,n=46);根据改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分分为预后良好组(mRS评分0~2分,n=41)与预后不良组(mRS评分3~6分,n=49)。比较A组与B组患者血清CHE水平,血清CHE水平与急性脑梗死患者NIHSS评分的相关性分析采用Pearson相关性分析;比较预后良好组与预后不良组患者临床资料,急性脑梗死患者预后的影响因素分析采用多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 A组患者血清CHE水平低于B组(P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,血清CHE水平与急性脑梗死患者NIHSS评分呈负相关(r=-0.436,P0.05)。预后良好组与预后不良组患者性别、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);预后不良组患者年龄大于预后良好组,NIHSS评分、空腹血糖(FPG)及血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平高于预后良好组,血清CHE水平低于预后良好组(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄[OR=1.99,95%CI(1.66,2.39)]、NIHSS评分[OR=3.77,95%CI(2.59,5.48)]、FPG[OR=3.01,95%CI(1.99,4.54)]是急性脑梗死患者预后良好的危险因素,血清CHE水平[OR=0.92,95%CI(0.88,0.96)]是急性脑梗死患者预后良好的保护因素(P0.05)。结论血清CHE水平与急性脑梗死患者病情严重程度有关,年龄、NIHSS评分、FPG是急性脑梗死患者预后良好的危险因素,血清CHE水平是急性脑梗死患者预后良好的保护因素。     

多学科协作模式改变缺血性卒中超早期重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓的预后

目的探讨多学科协作(MDT)模式下急性缺血性卒中(AIS)超早期重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rtPA)静脉溶栓标准化诊疗流程实施的效果。方法将164例rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的超早期AIS患者纳入研究,其中MDT模式下rt-PA静脉溶栓标准化诊疗流程实施前34例被设为实施前组,实施后130例被设为实施后组。对比分析两组患者到达医院至溶栓治疗时间(DNT)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分和改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分及溶栓流程中各个环节(患者到达急诊至电话启动溶栓流程、神经内科住院总医师接诊患者、开始CT扫描和签署知情同意书)的用时情况。结果 DNT均值由标准化流程实施前的111.76±24.84 min缩短到标准化流程实施后的81.31±15.13 min,差异具有统计学意义(P0.001)。溶栓治疗前两组患者NIHSS评分对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后两组患者NIHSS评分均较治疗前显著改善(P0.01),实施后组患者出院时NIHSS评分及mRS评分较实施前组明显降低(P0.01)。实施前后两组患者急诊至开始CT扫描时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);但实施后组患者到达急诊至电话启动溶栓流程时间、患者到达急诊至神经内科住院总医师接诊患者时间和患者到达急诊至签署知情同意书时间均显著低于实施前组(P0.01)。结论 MDT模式下rt-PA静脉溶栓标准化诊疗流程的实施有助于缩短DNT,提高静脉溶栓治疗效果和改善预后。     

鸢尾素水平与急性脑梗死患者溶栓治疗短期预后相关

目的：探讨鸢尾素达水平对急性脑梗死(ACI)患者溶栓治疗短期预后的评估价值。方法：选取ACI患者95例，均给予静脉注射尿激酶进行溶栓治疗，于溶栓90 d后采用改良版Rankin量表(mRS)评分评估疗效，并根据其评分进行分组，0～1分为预后良好组，2～6分为预后不良组。应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定所有患者血清鸢尾素水平，分析其与mRS评分的相关性；采用Logistics多因素回归分析影响ACI预后的因素；绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线，评价鸢尾素对ACI患者短期预后的评估价值。结果：预后良好组纳入46例ACI患者，预后不良组纳入49例；溶栓前预后良好组血清鸢尾素浓度显著高于预后不良组(P<0.05);Pearson相关分析显示，血清鸢尾素水平与mRS评分呈低度负相关(r=-0.245,P=0.017);单因素分析显示，鸢尾素、年龄、冠心病、心房颤动、国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分及溶栓治疗间隔时间对ACI预后具有显著影响(P均≤0.05);Logistics回归显示，鸢尾素(OR=2.316,95%CI:1.166～4.600)、溶栓治疗间隔时间(OR=3.3...     

血浆NLR联合NIHSS评分对老年急性脑梗死静脉溶栓后预后的预测价值

目的探讨中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞值(neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR)联合NIHSS评分对老年急性脑梗死(cute cerebral infarction,ACI)静脉溶栓患者预后的评估价值。方法选取151例接受静脉溶栓治疗的患者,收集实验室及临床相关资料,统计溶栓前血浆NLR和NIHSS评分。根据发病90d后改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分将患者分为预后不良组(93例)和预后良好组(58例)。采用二元logistic回归分析比较两组临床资料结果,用ROC曲线分析NLR、NIHSS评分与老年患者预后不良的关系及其预测预后不良的价值。结果预后不良组溶栓前NIHSS评分及NLR均高于预后良好组。二元logistic回归分析显示,溶栓前血浆NLR及溶栓前NIHSS评分是急性脑梗死的独立危险因素(P<0.05),溶栓前血浆NLR及NIHSS评分预测急性脑梗死患者静脉溶栓后预后不良的ROC曲线下面积分别是0.720(95%CI 0.639~0.800,P=0.001),0.761(95%CI 0.683~0.840,P=0.001)。结论溶栓前血浆NLR及NIHSS评分可为临床医生初步判断溶栓后预后不良风险、制定合理诊疗方案。     

替罗非班对超溶栓时间窗老年急性缺血性脑卒中患者的疗效分析

目的探讨急性缺血性脑卒中(acute ischemic stroke, AIS)超溶栓时间窗老年患者应用替罗非班的有效性及安全性。方法选取2019年10月～2020年2月郑州市第一人民医院神经内科收治的超溶栓时间窗老年AIS患者150例,随机分为观察组75例和对照组75例,对照组给予常规药物治疗,观察组在常规药物治疗的基础上应用替罗非班治疗。采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(national institute of health stroke scale, NIHSS)和改良的Rankin量表(mRS)评估患者治疗效果。观察2组有效率,预后良好率以及不良反应情况。结果治疗前2组NIHSS评分和mRS评分比较,无统计学差异[(9.06±4.65)分vs(9.64±3.91)分,(3.16±1.37)分vs(2.89±1.23)分,P0.05]。2组治疗14 d NIHSS评分、mRS评分及治疗3个月mRS评分明显低于治疗前(P0.05,P0.01),且观察组治疗14 d NIHSS评分、mRS评分及治疗3个月mRS评分明显低于对照组[(2.85±1.02)分vs(3.41±1.14)分,(1.54±1.28)分vs(2.01±1.11)分,(0.51±0.38)分vs(1.47±0.57)分,P=0.000]。观察组治疗14 d有效率、预后良好率和治疗3个月预后良好率明显高于对照组(93.3%vs 80.0%,P=0.027;54.7%vs 37.3%,P=0.035;73.3%vs 62.7%,P=0.014)。2组不良反应发生率比较,无统计学差异(P=0.749)。结论超溶栓时间窗老年AIS患者静脉给予替罗非班能有效减轻神经功能缺损,改善老年AIS患者的预后,且颅内及全身出血风险小。     

CYP2C19基因多态性、血清NT-proBNP水平与急性脑梗死静脉溶栓预后不良的关系

目的 探讨CYP2C19基因多态性、血清N末端B型脑利钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）水平与急性脑梗死（ACI）患者静脉溶栓预后不良的关系。方法 选择210例ACI患者,均行阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗,治疗90 d后根据改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分将患者分为预后不良组（mRS评分≥3分）52例、预后良好组（mRS评分<3分）158例。治疗前采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测CYP2C19基因多态性,时间分辨荧光免疫层析法检测血清NT-proBNP。用Pearson或Spearman分析CYP2C19基因多态性、血清NT-proBNP水平与mRS评分的相关性;用多因素Logistic回归分析ACI患者静脉溶栓预后的影响因素;用受试者工作特征曲线分析CYP2C19基因多态性、血清NT-proBNP水平对ACI患者静脉溶栓预后不良的预测价值。结果 预后不良组年龄、高血压比例、糖尿病比例、入院美国国立卫生研究所脑卒中（NIHSS）评分、空腹血糖水平高于预后良好组（P均<0.05）。预后不良组和预后良好组CYP2C19基因多态性比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,预后不良组血清NT-...     

血清可溶性髓系细胞触发受体-1与老年急性缺血性脑卒中严重程度及预后的关系

目的探讨血清可溶性髓系细胞触发受体-1(sTREM-1)水平与老年急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)严重程度及预后的关系。方法选取98例老年AIS病人为AIS组,根据入院时NIHSS评分分为神经功能轻度缺损组(n=28)、中度缺损组(n=29)、重度缺损组(n=41),6个月后根据改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分分为预后不良组(n=38)和预后良好组(n=60);另选取同期45例老年体检健康者为对照组。采用ELISA法测定血清sTREM-1、IL-6、TNF-α、S100B蛋白水平,采用Pearson或Spearman相关分析AIS病人血清sTREM-1与IL-6、TNF-α、S100B、NIHSS和mRS评分的相关性,采用多因素Logistic回归分析AIS病人预后不良的危险因素,并采用ROC曲线分析危险因素的预测价值。结果与对照组比较,AIS组血清sTREM-1、IL-6、TNF-α、S100B水平均升高(P<0.01)。轻、中、重度缺损组血清sTREM-1、IL-6、TNF-α、S100B水平依次升高(P均<0.01)。AIS病人血清sTREM-1水平与IL-6、TNF-α、S100B、NIHSS、mRS呈正相关(r=0.764、0.816、0.823、0.733、0.626,P均<0.01)。预后不良组血清HDL-C水平低于预后良好组,LDL-C、sTREM-1、IL-6、TNF-α、S100B水平和NIHSS评分高于预后良好组,发病至入院时间长于预后良好组(P均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,IL-6(OR=1.037,95%CI:1.004~1.071)、TNF-α(OR=1.046,95%CI:1.018~1.074)、S100B(OR=1.139,95%CI:1.035~1.254)、NIHSS评分(OR=1.347,95%CI:1.085~1.674)、sTREM-1(OR=2.172,95%CI:1.098~4.296)是老年AIS病人预后不良的独立影响因素。血清sTREM-1预测AIS病人预后不良的曲线下面积、灵敏度、特异度分别为0.816、94.74%、61.67%。结论老年AIS病人血清sTREM-1水平升高,且与AIS严重程度和预后密切相关,可作为预后不良的预测指标。     

不同年龄急性缺血性脑卒中患者应用阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗的临床疗效及预后比较

目的比较不同年龄急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者应用阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗的临床疗效及预后。方法选取2015年4月—2017年5月皖南医学院弋矶山医院神经内科收治的AIS患者84例,根据患者年龄分为低龄组44例(≤60岁)和高龄组40例(61~85岁)。两组患者均给予注射用阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗(0.9 g/kg),治疗1d后口服阿司匹林肠溶片100 mg/d,持续治疗3周。比较两组患者临床疗效、治疗前后美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分及改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分、溶栓治疗相关并发症发生情况。结果低龄组患者临床疗效优于高龄组(P0.01)。治疗前两组患者NIHSS评分、mRS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后低龄组NIHSS评分、mRS评分低于高龄组(P0.05)。高龄组患者溶栓治疗相关并发症发生率高于低龄组(P0.05)。结论与高龄AIS患者相比,阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗低龄AIS的患者临床疗效较好,对神经功能和预后的改善效果更佳,安全性更高。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.