河南省开封地区临床病人肠道寄生虫感染调查

目的了解开封地区人肠道寄生虫感染状况,尤其是机会性致病原虫和人兽共患寄生虫的流行情况。方法采用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法、甲醛-乙酸乙酯-改良抗酸染色法和卢戈碘液染色法对该地区门诊和住院病人6093份粪便样品进行了检查。结果检出肠道寄生虫8种,总感染率为1．49％,首次摸清了人环孢子虫感染的流行状况,感染率为0．85％;蓝氏贾第虫和粪类圆线虫感染率次之,分别为0．16％和0．15％;蛔虫、人隐孢子虫和阿米巴原虫感染率均为0．10％．钩虫感染率为0．08％,结肠小袋纤毛虫感染率为0．02％,混合感染感染率为0．05％。结论开封地区临床病人肠道寄生虫感染率较低,但仍应进一步开展健康教育,普及卫生知识,提高自我保健意识和自我保健能力,预防寄生虫病的发生和流行。     

河南省林州地区儿童肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

目的为了解林州地区儿童肠道寄生虫的感染情况,尤其是机会性致病原虫和人兽共患寄生虫的流行情况。方法2007年10月至2008年5月,对林州地区8个乡镇进行了调查。采用卢戈氏碘液染色法、饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法、改良抗酸染色法和分子生物学方法对林州地区23个调查点的1949名15岁以下儿童进行了检测。结果寄生虫总感染率为1.33%（26/1949）,共查出6种肠道寄生虫,其中原虫和蠕虫均为3种,感染率分别为0.72%和0.62%。男女寄生虫感染率分别为1.27%（14/1103）和1.42%（12/846）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。姚村镇、城郊乡、茶店乡、临淇镇、五龙镇、东姚镇、横水镇和采桑镇儿童感染率分别为1.76%、1.42%、0.83%、2.71%、0.00%、0.74%、1.45%、0.75%和1.33%,各个乡镇之间感染率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。首次摸清了林州地区儿童隐孢子虫感染的流行状况,感染率为0.15%。对分离到的1例等孢球虫进行了分子鉴定,序列分析结果显示与雀类的一种球虫Atoxoplasma sp.（AY331571）最为接近,同源性达99.4%,表明可能为鸟类粪便污染所致。结论 林州地区儿童肠道寄生虫感染率较低,但仍应进一步开展健康教育,普及卫生知识,提高自我保健意识和自我保健能力。预防寄生虫病的发生和流行。     

郑州市某医院儿童肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

目的了解郑州地区儿童肠道寄生虫感染情况,为制定肠道寄生虫病防治措施提供参考依据。方法采用卢戈氏碘液染色法、饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法和改良抗酸染色法对儿童新鲜粪便样品进行检查。结果共调查1996份粪便样品,肠道寄生虫总感染率为1.5%,发现蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫、环孢子虫、隐孢子虫、阿米巴原虫和粪类圆线虫5种肠道寄生虫,其感染率分别为0.6%、0.5%、0.1%、0.3%和0.1%。不同性别、不同季节儿童肠道寄生虫感染情况差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫和阿米巴原虫主要发现于春季和冬季,隐孢子虫和环孢子虫仅发现于夏季和秋季。结论郑州地区儿童土源性肠道寄生虫感染率显著下降,以机会性原虫感染为主,应进一步加强健康卫生教育。     

平顶山市人体重点寄生虫感染现状调查与分析

为了解平顶山市人体重点寄生虫病的流行现状和规律,为本地区肠道寄生虫感染防治提供科学依据,2014—2015年按照全国第三次人体重点寄生虫病调查方案及河南省的调查方案,结合经济和地理条件进行分层整群抽样,对调查点常驻居民采用改良加藤厚涂片法和碘液涂片法分别检查肠道蠕虫和原虫感染情况,3～6岁儿童加做透明胶纸肛门拭法检测蛲虫感染。结果共调查2 563人,肠道寄生虫感染74人,感染率2.89%。共检出8种肠道寄生虫,其中蠕虫5种,感染率2.46%(63/2 563);原虫3种,感染率0.43%(11/2 563)。混合感染占0.11%,均为2种虫种感染。主要肠道寄生虫为蛲虫1.13%和蛔虫0.90%。其中292名3～6岁儿童进行了透明胶纸肛拭检查,发现儿童蛲虫感染率3.77%(11/292)。结果表明,平顶山市人体寄生虫总感染率和各虫种感染率均大幅度下降,但仍需对相关人群寄生虫感染进行防治,尤其是对儿童蛲虫感染要加强防治。     

衡阳地区HIV/AIDS患者合并肠道寄生虫感染现状分析

目的:了解衡阳地区HIV/AIDS患者合并肠道寄生虫感染状况及流行病学特征。方法:随机抽样衡阳地区HIV/AIDS患者开展流行病学调查,并收集其粪便检测肠道寄生虫。结果:152例HIV/AIDS患者的粪便标本中有61例合并肠道寄生虫感染,感染率为40.13%。隐孢子虫、人芽囊原虫、蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫、微孢子虫、阿米巴原虫感染率分别为13.16%、9.87%、9.21%、5.26%、2.63%,五种肠道寄生虫感染率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。城市与农村HIV/AIDS患者肠道寄生虫感染率分别为30.12%和52.17%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);卫生习惯好坏的HIV/AIDS患者肠道寄生虫感染率分别为33.68%和50.88%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);HIV感染者和AIDS患者肠道寄生虫感染率分别为25.0%和52.38%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);不同CD4+T淋巴细胞计数水平(cells/μl),HIV/AIDS患者肠道寄生虫感染率有差异,200为64.81%,200~499为48.84%,≥500为9.09%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:HIV/AIDS患者合并肠道寄生虫感染率与寄生虫的种类、卫生习惯、病程、居住环境及CD4+T淋巴细胞数量有关,而与年龄、性别、受教育程度及经济收入无关;HIV/AIDS患者肠道寄生虫检测应列入常规检测项目。     

武鸣县人体肠道寄生虫病监测结果分析

目的了解武鸣县肠道寄生虫感染现状,为今后的防治工作提供可靠依据。方法收集本单位历年人群粪便检查等疫情资料进行汇总分类和分析。粪便检查方法采用改良加藤法和醚醛法。结果 1990-1995年查出肠道寄生虫13种,感染率为61.93%,其中线虫感染率为42.37%,吸虫感染率为28.38%。1996-2000年线虫感染率下降至20.32%,吸虫感染率上升至32.12%。2001-2008年查出7种虫种,线虫感染率降至4.81%,吸虫感染率上升至44.00%。结论肠道寄生虫感染虫种大幅下降,部分线虫、原虫感染率已控制在较低水平,肝吸虫感染率逐年上升,已成为主要感染虫种,应加强防控工作。     

海南西部地区人体肠道寄生虫感染现状调查

为了解和分析海南省西部地区人体肠道寄生虫病流行现状和趋势,评估10年来的寄生虫病防治成就,为今后制定防治策略提供依据。按照《全国人体重要寄生虫病现状调查实施细则》方法和要求,在海南省西部地区4个中签点进行调查。人体肠道寄生虫病总感染率为59.32%,发现7种肠道寄生虫种,其感染率分别为:蛔虫20.10%、鞭虫40.64%、钩虫20.73%、蛲虫40.49%(190494)、粪类圆线虫0.05%、小杆线虫0.24%、华枝睾吸虫0.2%。不同调查点、性别、职业、民族、年龄间感染率都有极显著性差异(P<0.005)。钩虫感染以单纯美洲钩虫感染为主占90.87%,蛔虫未受精卵占40.88%。寄生虫以单一感染、双重感染、三重感染、四重感染者分别占人数的59.08%、30.45%、9.49%、0.99%,以低年龄组感染率为高。海南省西部地区人体肠道线虫感染率仍较高,今后该地区防治工作应以土源性线虫为重点、尤其是鞭虫。     

富顺县某村级小学学生肠道线虫感染状况调查分析

目的 了解农村儿童肠道蠕虫感染状况,为制定防治措施提供依据.方法 采用加藤厚涂片(Kato)法对农村小学校学生粪便检查蠕虫卵,掌握其感染状况,并进行描述性分析.结果 共查河湾村小学生341名,查出蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫三种肠道寄生虫,总阳性率48.09%;三种寄生虫感染男女间无显著性差异,三年级学生感染率(58.27%)明显高于一年级学生的感染率(35.05%),χ2=12.336,P<0.01;留守儿童感染率(56.99%)明显高于非留守儿童(37.42%),χ2=12.951,P<0.01.结论 肠道蠕虫防治工作的重点应放到农村村级小学,要特别重视留守儿童的肠道寄生虫防治.     

2002-2009年上海市人群肠道寄生虫病监测点监测结果分析

目的了解和分析2002-2009年上海市居民肠道寄生虫的感染状况和变化趋势,为今后的防治工作提供科学依据。方法在全市范围内设立监测点,以本市居民为监测对象,应用改良加藤法、直接碘涂片法和试管滤纸培养法进行寄生虫学检查。结果 8年共粪检35186人,查到8种肠道寄生虫,平均感染率为0.52%,年均下降幅度为8.32%。郊区人群的感染率（0.79%）高于中心城区（0.11%）,两者差异有统计学意义（χ2=73.89,P〈0.001）;郊区和中心城区2005-2009年监测的感染率较2002-2004年分别下降了30.39%和88.0%,差异有统计学意义（χ2郊区=4.68,P〈0.05;χ2中心城区=13.93,P〈0.001）;女性感染率（0.61%）显著高于男性（0.41%）,两者差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.43,P〈0.05）;60岁以上年龄组（0.66%～0.93%）和农民（0.92%）的感染率较高,人群感染率有随文化程度的增高呈下降趋势（χ2=53.36,P〈0.001）。结论上海市肠道寄生虫病监测点人群感染率已连续7年低于1%,表明肠道寄生虫感染已不是威胁上海市居民健康的主要危险因素,但在经济相对落后的郊区县仍应重视预防控制工作,老年人及农民为防治的重点人群。     

2016-2020年元谋县肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

目的 通过抽样调查了解元谋县肠道寄生虫病流行动态及影响因素,掌握流行规律,预测其流行趋势,为制订防治对策和评价防治效果提供科学依据.方法 于2016-10/2020-10按照《云南省土源性线虫病监测方案》要求开展调查.从元谋县随机抽取5个坝区(海拔1350m以下)行政村和5个山区(海拔1700m以上)行政村,每个行政村调查3岁及以上农村常住居民为检测对象.收集调查对象粪样,采用改良加藤厚涂片法(Kato-Katz法)检测肠道寄生虫虫卵,采用透明胶纸肛拭法对3～9岁儿童检测蛲虫卵,采用试管滤纸培养法对钩虫进行培养,应用SPSS 11.5软件对肠道寄生虫感染率进行统计分析,率的比较采用x2检验,检验水准α=0.05.结果 共调查2029人,查出肠道寄生虫阳性206人,总感染率为10.15％.检出钩虫、鞭虫、蛔虫、带绦虫等4种寄生虫,感染率分别为9.36％(109/2029),0.34％(7/2029),0.34％(7/2029)和0.10％(2/2029),蛲虫未检出阳性.各监测点肠道寄生虫感染率差异有统计学意义(x2=264.69,P＜0.001),平田村感染率最高,为33.82％(69/204),领庄村感染率次之,为27.50％(55/200),甘泉村未检出阳性,坝区感染率高于山区感染率;各年龄组间感染率差异有统计学意义(x2值=48.75,P＜0.001),40～ 49岁年龄组人群感染率最高(14.80％,58/392),5～9岁年龄组人群感染为(0.85％,1/118),5岁以下未检出阳性;不同性别感染率差异有统计学意义(x2=12.43,P＜0.001),男性感染率为7.86％ (82/1043),女性感染率为12.58％ (124/986),女性感染率高于男性感染率.结论 元谋县农村肠道寄生虫以钩虫感染为主,有明显的地区差异,蛔虫、鞭虫及蛲虫感染处于较低水平,今后应重点加强坝区钩虫防治,以30岁以上人群为重点防治对象.带绦虫感染在元谋县属首次发现,应加强食品肉类的检疫和畜肉带绦虫感染情况监测,并做好农村健康教育工作.     

Intestinal parasitic infections and swamp development in Sierra Leone

The prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia and other intestinal and urogenital parasites were assessed in five Inland Valley Swamp (IVS) development faming communities in the Moyamba District, South-central Sierra Leone. Stool and urine samples were submitted by 1106 individuals and examined by the iron-haematoxylin staining and the formalin-ether concentration techniques for faecal sample and centrifugation method for the urine samples. The overall parasitic infection rate was 61.7% while 5.9% of the population had multiple infections. E. histolytica infection rate was 12.3 % and most of the infected individuals were passing cysts. Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis infection rates were 10.0% and 0.4% respectively. Among the helminth infections, Ascaris lumbricoides was the most commonly observed (13.7%), followed by hookworms (12.1 %), Trichuris trichiura (9.3%), Strongyloides stercoralis (7.7%) and tapeworms (2.6%). The high parasitic infection rate (61.7%) and the frequency of multiple infections indicate an interrelationship of environmental factors which support transmission rather than a single factor.     

Intestinal intraepithelial and splenic natural killer cell responses to eimerian infections in inbred chickens.

Splenic and intestinal natural killer (NK) cell responses were assessed in chickens inoculated with Eimeria parasites. The NK cell activities of both splenic and intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) decreased to a subnormal level during the early phase of eimerian infections but returned to normal or slightly higher than normal levels at about 1 week after the primary inoculation. Lymphocytes obtained from the lamina propria did not show any detectable level of NK cell activity during or following eimerian infections. Significant increases in splenic and intestinal IEL NK cell activities were seen during the early phase of secondary infection. The increase in the IEL NK cell activity that was seen shortly following secondary eimerian infection was accompanied by a substantial increase in the number of IELs expressing the asialo-GM1 antigen. Host strain differences in both splenic and IEL NK cell responses were detected following primary eimerian infections. These results suggest that both splenic and intestinal IEL NK cells may play an important role in the host defense against intestinal protozoan infections.     

赣州市章贡区2015~2016年儿童肠道寄生虫感染情况分析

目的 研究赣州市章贡区2015年3月~2016年3月儿童肠道寄生虫感染情况分析。方法 选择赣州市章贡区2015年3月~2016年3月按照随机数字表法进行抽取390例,其中1~4年级168例学生用改良加藤氏厚涂片法及透明胶纸法肛拭法检测钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫、蛲虫感染情况,幼儿园儿童用透明胶肛拭子法检查蛲虫感染情况,分析其肠道寄生虫感染情况。结果 1~4年级学生肠道寄生虫感染总人数为6例（3.57%）,钩虫感染率为1.19%,蛔虫感染发生率为1.19%,鞭虫感染发生率为1.19%。其中蛲虫感染发生率小学感染率为2.05%,幼儿园感染率为4.01%,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。24例感染者中,无自觉症状者9例,有自觉症状者15例。其中肛门瘙痒者9例,磨牙者2例,失眠、食欲不振等症者2例,遗尿者1例,肛周炎症者1例。结论 提高儿童的卫生健康知识,培养良好的卫生习惯,对家长加强基本的防病意识与讲究卫生的相关知识,改善儿童的生活场所质量,对出现感染的儿童进行简单的药物治疗,定期进行预防与检查,降低临床的感染情况,维持儿童的健康成长。     

Point prevalence of Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, and Isospora infections in patients being evaluated for diarrhea

From March to September 2001, 315 specimens from "nonrepeat" patients that were submitted for ova and parasite examination were stained using the Kinyoun modified acid-fast stain to detect the intestinal coccidians. Four patients (1.3%) were infected with coccidians, 2 with Cryptosporidium parvum and 2 with Cyclospora cayetanensis. No infections with Isospora belli were detected. In comparison, 15 patients (4.8%) had infections with one or more intestinal parasites detected by routine trichrome staining: 5 had Giardia lamblia; 2, Dientamoeba fragilis; 3, Strongyloides stercoralis; 1, Iodamoeba bütschlii; 3, Endolimax nana; 6, Blastocystis hominis; and 1, Entamoeba coli. Four patients were multiply infected. Coccidians made up 29% of the clinically significant parasitic infections. The coccidians were missed in all 4 cases because no special staining was ordered. Clinicians need to be reminded that additional tests should be ordered to fully evaluate patients with chronic diarrhea in which no diagnosis is found by routine testing.     

Prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasite infection by HIV infection status among asymptomatic adults in rural Gabon

IntroductionIntestinal parasites infections are endemic in Gabon. Nevertheless, they are rarely described in people living with HIV (PLHIV).ObjectiveThe frequency of intestinal parasite infection was estimated and compared between HIV-positive and HIV uninfected individuals in Gabon; factors associated with intestinal parasites were also analysed.Material and MethodsUsing a cross-sectional study design sociodemographic data, life style habits, antiretroviral therapy, cotrimoxazole use and CD4 cell count were recorded.. Stool samples from participants living in Koulamoutou and Oyem were analysed using microscopy. Chi-squared or fisher''s exact tests and logistic regression were performed.ResultsAmong participants (n=332), female gender was predominant (73.7%; n=135/183) and the median age was 45 [33–57] years old. Among 183 samples, 53.6% (n = 98/183) were infected by intestinal parasites. The proportion was higher (72.1%) in HIV negative participants compared to PLHIV (42.6%) (p <0.01). PLHIV were more frequently poly-infected. Infection was frequent in patients using external toilets and tap water (>70.0%).ConclusionPrevalence of intestinal parasites is higher in seronegative participants but polyparasitism is more frequent in PLHIV. Strategies are focused on HIV negative population, but this study shows the importance of sensitization for PLHIV to improve their quality of life.