钢针固定、韧带重建治疗急性肩锁关节全脱位

我科自1992年以来,应用克氏针交叉固定肩锁关节,并根据术中探查关节盘及软骨损伤情况,选择不同的修复方法,治疗急性肩锁关节全脱位(ZlotskyⅢ度)8例。术后无发生再脱位及伤肩疼痛,功能恢复较满意,现介绍如下。 1 临床资料 1.1 一般资料 本组全部为男性,年龄25～45岁,平均28岁。左侧3例,右侧5例。8例均在伤后2周内手术。损伤情况:8例关节囊、肩锁韧带、喙锁韧带均断裂,其中肩锁关节软骨盘破裂5例、完好3例。 1.2 手术方法 肩部上方弧形切口显露肩锁关节、肩峰及喙突,探查关节内损伤情况以选择不同的修复方法。(1)关节软骨盘完好者3例,术中不扰乱关节及软骨盘,复位肩锁关节并用直径1.6mm克氏针2枚经肩峰交叉插入锁骨外端固定,针尾折弯埋于皮下。利用留在肩峰上的喙肩韧带重建上肩锁韧带:即游离喙肩韧带的喙突端,连喙突外侧凿下一小块与韧带相连的骨片,并将韧带同骨片拉紧绕到锁骨外端表面,在锁骨外端骨面上形成一小凹面,以便骨片附着吻合,缝合数针固定。(2)关节软骨盘撕裂者5例,术中切除破裂的软骨盘、软骨碎片,斜形切除锁骨下方外端2cm并在锁骨下方斜面钻2个小孔,复位克氏针固定肩锁关节(同上     

生物性韧带重建结合内固定术治疗新鲜肩锁关节脱位

目的 研究采用生物性韧带结合克氏针内固定术治疗新鲜肩锁关节完全性脱位的临床疗效.方法 手术治疗18例新鲜肩锁关节脱位,将2枚克氏针由肩峰通过肩锁关节面交叉穿入锁骨外端,用MAXON缝线修复喙锁韧带及肩锁韧带.结果 所有患者肩关节活动度恢复正常,内固定稳固,愈合良好,无明显并发症.按Karlson标准评定:A级15例,B级3例.结论 在克氏针内固定基础上,采用MAXON缝线按生物力学原理重建喙锁韧带的方法 治疗Ⅲ度肩锁关节脱位疗效可靠.     

掌长肌腱重建喙锁韧带治疗肩锁关节脱位（附24例分析）

目的观察掌长肌腱在重建喙锁韧带治疗肩锁关节脱位中的应用疗效。方法本组24例均为Allman分型中的Ⅲ度损伤，全部采用取同侧掌长肌腱重建喙锁韧带，再用两枚克氏针交叉固定肩锁关节治疗，术后三角巾悬吊固定4周，8周后拔除克氏针。结果经10个月～3年的随访，根据Karlsson疗效评价标准：A级20例，B级4例。病人均能正常的工作、生活。结论掌长肌腱是重建喙锁韧带良好的自身材料，该方法操作简单、创伤小、固定牢固、可早期活动，是治疗肩锁关节脱位的有效方法。     

掌长肌腱重建喙锁韧带治疗肩锁关节脱位(附24例分析)

目的　观察掌长肌腱在重建喙锁韧带治疗肩锁关节脱位中的应用疗效。方法　本组 2 4例均为Allman分型中的Ⅲ度损伤 ,全部采用取同侧掌长肌腱重建喙锁韧带 ,再用两枚克氏针交叉固定肩锁关节治疗 ,术后三角巾悬吊固定 4周 ,8周后拔除克氏针。结果　经 1 0个月～ 3年的随访 ,根据Karlsson疗效评价标准 :A级 2 0例 ,B级 4例。病人均能正常的工作、生活。结论　掌长肌腱是重建喙锁韧带良好的自身材料 ,该方法操作简单、创伤小、固定牢固、可早期活动 ,是治疗肩锁关节脱位的有效方法。     

联合手术治疗重度肩锁关节脱位

目的探讨联合手术治疗重度肩锁关节脱位,术后近期和远期疗效。方法复位,张力带钢丝双克氏针内固定,喙肩韧带转移重建喙锁韧带。结果本组18例,重度肩锁关节脱位均采用联合手术治疗,经10~12周左右观察,未发现张力带松动、克氏针退出,无肩锁关节再脱位。去除内固定3年后痊愈15例,关节主动被动在正常范围内。结论对重度的肩锁关节脱位,张力带固定确实,喙肩韧带转移重建喙锁韧带操作简便,创伤小,费用低,术后关节功能恢复好。     

喙肩韧带转位治疗Ⅲ度肩锁关节脱位的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨喙肩韧带转位修复喙锁韧带在治疗Ⅲ度肩锁关节脱位的临床应用效果.方法 从2006年6月～2009年6月应用喙肩韧带转位修复喙锁韧带治疗19例Tossy Ⅲ度肩锁关节脱位,即切断喙肩韧带肩峰端用爱西康线编织后转位至锁骨远端骨隧道内重建喙锁韧带,探查关节面和关节间盘的情况,彻底清除肩锁关节间碎裂的组织并用克氏针固定...     

张力带钢丝内固定治疗重度肩锁关节脱位

目的 观察张力带钢丝内固定术治疗重度肩锁关节脱位的疗效。方法 将2枚克氏针交叉曲肩峰通过肩锁关节面穿入锁骨外端,将钢丝在肩锁关节表面作“8”字交叉后绕过针尾拧紧加压打结固定。结果 21例术后随访1-6年,按优、良、差标准评定疗效,优18例（85.4%）,良3例（14.6%）。未发生克氏针或不锈钢丝松动、滑出等并发症,肩关节功能恢复正常。结论 该方法使肩锁关节面对合紧密、牢固,为肩锁韧带、喙锁韧带、关节囊、肌筋膜、肌肉的修复创造条件,手术简单,损伤小,可恢复满意肩关节功能。     

锁骨钩钢板治疗肩锁关节脱位36 例疗效观察

目的观察锁骨钩钢板治疗Ⅲ度肩锁关节脱位的疗效。方法2002年2月至2005年3月采用锁骨钩钢板内固定治疗新鲜Ⅲ度肩锁关节脱位36例，全部修复肩锁韧带，直接修复断裂的喙锁韧带21例，其余15例未予修复重建。回顾性对比分析以往使用克氏针、螺钉、克氏针张力带治疗同型新鲜肩锁关节脱位80例，进行疗效评定。结果按照Lazzcano标准评定患者术后功能，锁骨钩钢板固定组优良率远高于其他三组，所有患者均未发生感染，无钢板螺钉松动断裂，仅1例并发肩峰下撞击征。结论应用锁骨钩钢板治疗肩锁关节脱位较克氏针、螺钉、张力带治疗具有操作简单、复位好、动态固定、牢固可靠、喙锁韧带等长愈合、肩关节功能恢复快、优良率高、并发症少等特点，内固定取出后不复发，是目前治疗新鲜Ⅲ度肩锁关节脱位疗效确切而理想的方法，可推为首选。     

喙锁韧带重建加张力带钢丝固定治疗肩锁关节完全脱位

目的：探索治疗肩锁关节完全脱位的手术治疗方法。方法：42例患中应用喙肩韧带重建喙锁韧带加张力带钢丝固定34例，应用阔筋膜条重建喙锁韧带加张力带钢丝固定8例。结果：术后随访6～24个月，无克氏针滑出；用喙肩韧带重建喙锁韧带组优良率100％，用阔筋膜条重建喙锁韧带组优良率87．5％。结论：用喙肩韧带重建喙锁韧带加张力带钢丝固定优于用阔筋膜条重建喙锁韧带。     

三种内固定方法治疗新鲜Tossy Ⅲ型肩锁关节脱位的疗效比较

目的 分析三种手术方法治疗TossyⅢ型肩锁关节脱位的疗效、术中出血量、手术时间及医疗费用,探讨一种简便、有效及费用低的手术治疗方法. 方法 回顾性分析62例TossyⅢ型肩锁关节脱位者,分别应用克氏针钢丝张力带内固定加喙锁及肩锁韧带修复术治疗18例(A组)、锁骨钩钢板内固定加肩锁韧带修复术治疗21例(B组)与交叉克氏针内固定加肩锁韧带修复加强术治疗23例(C组). 结果 随访9～24个月,平均15.6个月.以Karlsson评价标准进行疗效评定,三种术式的疗效差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);但C组的手术时间与出血量较A组少(P＜0.05),C组的手术时间、出血量及医疗费用亦均少于B组(P＜0.05). 结论 交叉克氏针内固定加肩锁韧带修复加强术是一种简便、有效、费用较低的治疗TossyⅢ型肩锁关节脱位的方法.     

基质金属蛋白酶-3和其组织抑制剂-1在椎间盘中的表达及其意义

目的：检测突出和非突出椎间盘中是否有基质金属蛋白酶－3（MMP3）及其组织抑制剂－1（TIMP）的表达,了解椎间盘退变和突出的发病机制。方法：采用ABC免疫组化方法,测定60例突出椎间盘标本（分为凸出型,脱出型,游离型）和16例非突出椎间盘标本内MMP3和TIMP1的表达情况,结果：突出椎间盘中的MMP3比非突出椎间盘的多,其差异有显著性意义。脱出型及游型内的MMP3比突出型的多,其差异有显著性意义。脱出突型及游离型内的MMP3无显著性差异,非突出椎间盘和凸出型椎间盘内TIMP1为阴性,脱出型和游离内TIMP1为阳性,但无显著性差异,结论：MMP3和TIMP1的不平衡表达也许是椎间盘退变的因素,椎间盘退变程度的差异可能是椎间盘突出症临床分型的基础。     

Histological development of intervertebral disc herniation

Sagittal and horizontal sections of 257 intervertebral discs obtained at autopsy and material obtained from 441 operations for herniation of a disc were examined histologically. In the material that was taken at autopsy, myxomatous degeneration of the annulus fibrosus increased in proportion to the age of the subject. The bundles in the internal layer of the annulus fibrosus reversed their usual direction and showed myxomatous degeneration, sometimes resulting in posterior and anterior convex bulging in the internal layer of the anterior and posterior parts of the annulus fibrosus, respectively. When material from a disc was surgically removed as a single free fragment (as in a complete extrusion or a sequestration type of herniation), annulus fibrosus with myxomatous degeneration was found in most material, while the nucleus pulposus rarely was. These results suggest that, from the standpoint of pathomechanism, a protrusion type of herniation of the annulus fibrosus exists in which only the annulus fibrosus is protruded due to reversal of the bundles of the annulus fibrosus, without involvement of the nucleus pulposus. This type of herniation would be a separate entity from the protrusion type of herniation of the nucleus pulposus that occurs when the nucleus pulposus is protruded through a fissure in the annulus fibrosus.     

Immunohistological study of intervertebral disc herniation of lumbar spine

In order to observe histological changes in the extruded and sequestrated intervertebral disc, we conducted pathological and immunological examinations of herniated disc materials taken at the time of discectomy. There were 49 disc materials (from 38 men and 10 women [aged 19 to 78 years; average, 36.6 years]). The herniation was classified into four types, based on the intraoperative observations: protrusion (P), subligamentous extrusion (SE), transligamentous extrusion (TE), and sequestration (S). There were 19 P type discs, 3 SE type, 10 TE type, and 17 S type. The surgical specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, as well as immunohistological staining with the labelled streptavidin biotin method, using human T-cell , human B-cell, and human macrophage antibodies. Inflammatory-cell infiltration was observed at the border of the disc. These findings were present in 19 discs (70%) of the 27 discs of TE and S types (10 TE and 17 S types), but were not seen in the 22 discs of P and SE types (19 P and 3 SE types). Immunohistological staining of the area with inflammatory-cell infiltration revealed the presence of T cells and macrophages, which suggested that this cell infiltration originated from T cells and macrophages, and that the spontaneous resorption of the disc may have resulted from the phagocytic activities of these cells. Received for publication on June 1, 1998; accepted on Nov. 8, 1999     

细胞因子IL-1a、IL -6、TNF-a、MMP3与颈椎间盘退变机制的相关性研究

[目的]探讨细胞因子在颈椎间盘退变机制中的作用及其与神经功能的相关性.[方法]实验组椎间盘组织取自46例颈椎病患者,根据术前颈椎MRI及术中椎间盘突出情况分为两组:退变组(24例)和突出组(22例).对照组椎间盘组织取自15例无颈椎病病史的颈椎外伤患者.根据颈椎病患者术前JOA评分分为三组:轻度组(17例),中度组(15例)和重度组(14例).采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA法)分别检测不同退变程度颈椎间盘中IL-1a、IL -6、TNF -a和MMP3的表达水平.[结果]对照组、退变组和突出组三组之间比较,IL -1a、IL -6、TNF-a和MMP3的表达有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其表达水平与颈椎间盘退变呈正相关趋势;轻度组、中度组和重度组三组之间比较,MMP3、TNF -a的表达有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其表达水平与JOA评分呈负相关趋势.[结论]IL -1、IL -6、TNF -a和MMP3与颈椎间盘退变密切相关,其表达水平与椎间盘退变呈正相关趋势;TNF -a与神经功能有关,可能在神经损伤中起主导作用;MMP3与椎间盘突出有关,对TNF -a的神经功能损伤可能起促进作用.     

前列腺素E2在突出腰椎间盘中的表达及其与坐骨神经痛的关系

目的探讨前列腺素(PG)E2在突出腰椎间盘组织中的表达及其在坐骨神经痛发病机制中的作用。方法 42个突出椎间盘标本取自42例腰椎间盘突出并有坐骨神经放射性疼痛症状的手术治疗患者,其中膨隆型12例,破裂型15例,游离型15例,取材部位为紧贴神经根突入椎管的椎间盘组织(A部位)和椎间隙内残存的椎间盘组织(B部位)。术前采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)对所有患者坐骨神经痛严重程度进行评分。应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测PGE2含量。结果 A部位PGE2含量自膨隆型、破裂型至游离型逐渐升高,差异有显著性(P<0.01);A部位PGE2含量高于B部位(P<0.01);PGE2含量与患者坐骨神经痛VAS评分存在明显相关性(r=0.848,P<0.01)。结论 PGE2参与了腰椎间盘退变、突出的发病机制,PGE2含量与坐骨神经痛程度呈正相关性。     

Disc degeneration of cervical spine on MRI in patients with lumbar disc herniation: comparison study with asymptomatic volunteers

An association between progression of cervical disc degeneration and that of lumbar disc degeneration has been considered to exist. To date, however, this association has not yet been adequately studied. Age-related changes in the cervical intervertebral discs were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with lumbar disc herniation, and compared with the MRI findings of healthy volunteers without lower back pain. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether the prevalence of asymptomatic cervical disc degeneration is higher in patients with lumbar disc herniation than in healthy volunteers. The study was conducted on 51 patients who were diagnosed as having lumbar disc herniation and underwent cervical spine MRI. The patients consisted of 34 males and 17 females ranging in age from 21–83 years (mean 46.9 ± 14.5 years) at the time of the study. The control group was composed of 113 healthy volunteers (70 males and 43 females) aged 24–77 years (mean 48.9 ± 14.7 years), without neck pain or low back pain. The percentage of subjects with degenerative changes in the cervical discs was 98.0% in the lumbar disc herniation group and 88.5% in the control group (p = 0.034). The presence of lumbar disc herniation was associated significantly with decrease in signal intensity of intervertebral disc and posterior disc protrusion in the cervical spine. None of the MRI findings was significantly associated with the gender, smoking, sports activities, or BMI. As compared to healthy volunteers, patients with lumbar disc herniation showed a higher prevalence of decrease in signal intensity of intervertebral disc and posterior disc protrusion on MRI of the cervical spine. The result of this study suggests that disc degeneration appears to be a systemic phenomenon.     

骶管注射疗效与腰椎间盘突出症不同节段、类型、病程的关系

目的:观察骶管注射对不同节段、类型、病程腰椎间盘突出症的治疗疗效,为临床适应证的选择提供依据。方法:对2007年3月至2011年5月采用骶管注射治疗的329例腰椎间盘突出症患者进行回顾性分析,其中男178例,女151例;年龄16～78岁,平均45岁;病程2d～41年,平均4.1年。突出节段:L3,451例,L4,5142例;L5S1136例,均为单节段突出。中央型137例,侧方型145例,极外侧型47例。329例患者按不同的突出节段、类型、病程(大于6个月和小于6个月)进行分组,分类比较各组疗效。结果:L5S1突出组的疗效优于L3,4、L4,5突出组。病程小于6个月组疗效优于病程大于6个月组。侧旁型疗效优于中央型、极外侧型。同时满足3个条件组(病程小于6个月、L5S1突出、侧旁型突出)疗效优于不满足组。所有患者均无并发症,治愈患者均经电话及门诊随访1年,复发率为0.05%。结论:病程较短、下段及侧旁型突出的疗效较好,更适合用骶管注射治疗;同时满足病程小于6个月、L5S1突出、侧旁型突出的采用骶管注射疗效最好。     

Expression of Fas receptor on disc cells in herniated lumbar disc tissue

STUDY DESIGN: The expression of Fas receptor, an apoptosis-related protein, on disc cells was examined in surgically obtained disc specimens. OBJECTIVE: To assess the fate of disc cells in herniated disc tissue and the difference in the degree of expression of the Fas receptor between contained and noncontained discs. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Little is known about the fate of disc cells after herniation. METHODS: Twenty-three herniated lumbar disc specimens were classified into contained discs (protrusion or subligamentous extrusion; n = 9) and noncontained discs (transligamentous extrusion or sequestration; n = 14). All specimens were stained using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. The percentage of disc cells positive for Fas receptor was calculated and compared with clinical and radiologic data. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the percentage of Fas-positive disc cells between the contained and noncontained discs (8.44 vs.- 14.29;P = 0.044). The percentage of Fas-positive disc cells correlated significantly with the patient's age (r = 0.455, P = 0.029), but not with the degree of disc degeneration on magnetic resonance imaging (r = 0.252, P = 0.214). CONCLUSION: This is the first study to identify the expression of Fas receptor on disc cells in herniated disc tissue. The results show that the disc cells after herniation may undergo Fas-mediated apoptosis and that the degree of expression of Fas receptor differs depending on the type of herniation.     

Proinflammatory cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in patients with disc herniation and sciatica

Proinflammatory cytokines have been identified in herniated intervertebral discs in humans, and such cytokines have experimentally been demonstrated to be important in the pathophysiological mechanisms of disc herniation. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1beta IL-6, IL-8, interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were investigated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique in 39 patients with lumbar disc herniation and sciatica. Pain duration and pain intensity (visual analogue scale, VAS) were recorded at inclusion, and a clinical examination was performed evaluating neurological findings. The extent of disc herniation (protrusion or extrusion/sequestration) was evaluated perioperatively. Normal concentrations of IL-1beta, IL-6, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha were present in CSF and serum in almost all patients with lumbar disc herniation. The concentrations of IL-8 in CSF were increased in 12 out of 39 patients, and these increased levels of IL-8 correlated to a short duration of pain and to more pronounced herniation (extrusion or sequestration). No relationship between IL-8 concentrations in CSF and pain intensity, positive neurological findings or a positive straight leg-raising (SLR) test was found. The observation of increased concentrations of IL-8 in CSF in patients with a short duration of symptoms supports the concept of the initial involvement of inflammatory mechanisms after a disc herniation. The finding that most of the patients with increased concentrations of IL-8 in CSF had an extrusion or a sequestration may suggest that the increase in IL-8 is related to mechanical nerve root compression, but may also indicate a biochemical effect exerted by the herniated disc on the surrounding tissue. Further studies on the potential role of IL-8 as a biomarker for disc herniation are warranted.