早早发心肌梗死患者家族性高胆固醇血症的临床筛查与特点研究

目的筛查早早发心肌梗死患者中的家族性高胆固醇血症(familial hypercholesterolemia,FH)发病率,FH各分型的临床特点,以及降脂治疗对FH的影响。方法连续入选1107例因首次心肌梗死行冠状动脉造影检查的患者。早早发心肌梗死的年龄标准定义为≤35岁。采用荷兰临床脂质网络标准进行FH分型。冠状动脉病变通过Gensini评分评估。结果无论是否经过降脂治疗,肯定的/很可能的FH组的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平均高于否认的FH组(P0.001)。在肯定的/很可能的FH组中,FH患病率随着年龄的增加而降低(P0.05)。与否认的FH组比较,肯定的/很可能的FH组年龄更小,接受降脂药物治疗,冠状动脉疾病家族史及极高危的比例更高,Gensini评分更高(P均0.05)。在肯定的/很可能的FH组中,降脂药物治疗组的Gensini评分显著低于非降脂治疗组(P0.05)。结论在早早发心肌梗死患者中肯定的/很可能的家族性高胆固醇血症者比例更高。尽早开始降脂治疗,无论是否达标,均可减轻冠脉病变。     

家族性高胆固醇血症的临床特点及其与早发心肌梗死的关系

目的观察家族性高胆固醇血症(familial hypercholesterolemia,FH)的临床特点,并探讨其与早发心肌梗死(myocardial infarction,MI)的相关性。方法将潍坊阳光融合医院2000年1月至2018年12月收治的5 584例MI患者资料纳入此次回顾性分析,以男性55岁、女性60岁为早发标准,将患者分别纳入早发MI组、非早发MI组,参照荷兰临床脂质网络(Dutch lipid clinic network,DLCN)标准,计算两组患者FH患病率并比较FH患者、非FH患者的临床特点,运用Logistic多因素回归分析,总结FH对早发MI的影响。结果 5 584例患者中,2532例为早发MI,其余3 052例为非早发MI;共有252例患者确诊FH,其中早发MI组220例,非早发MI组32例,早发MI组FH患病率为8.67%,高于非早发MI组的1.05%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。FH组年龄、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)低于非FH组,其总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)浓度高于非FH组;FH组男性比例、原发性高血压(高血压)患病率、糖尿病患病率低于非FH组,其冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)家族史比例高于非FH组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析示,校正体质量指数、TC、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)等传统危险因素后,FH是导致早发MI的独立危险因素,较非FH患者而言,FH患者早发MI风险上升20.122倍(P0.05)。结论 FH是导致早发冠心病与早发MI的独立危险因素,应重视FH的早期诊断与强化调脂治疗。     

早期应用阿托伐他汀对正常血脂水平急性冠状动脉综合征患者炎症因子干预的观察

目的观察血脂正常的急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者早期白介素-6(IL-6)和高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平变化及阿托伐他汀早期治疗对其干预效果。方法将血脂水平正常的ACS患者随机分为阿托伐他汀治疗组(10mg/d×4周)和常规治疗组(各40例),另选择同期健康人40例作为健康对照组。分析比较组间及两组ACS患者治疗前、后血清IL-6和hs-CRP水平变化。结果两组ACS患者血脂水平与健康对照组比较差别无统计学意义,但其IL-6和hs-CRP水平均显著高于健康对照组(P<0.01);阿托伐他汀治疗2周时血脂水平无显著变化,但IL-6和hs-CRP水平显著降低(P<0.01),治疗4周时血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇及IL-6、hs-CRP水平均显著降低(P<0.05)且显著低于常规对照组(P<0.05)。结论血脂水平正常的ACS患者同样存在明显的炎症反应。阿托伐他汀具有独立于调脂的抗炎作用,其快速抗炎作用在ACS患者早期治疗中可能具有重要意义。     

和田地区维吾尔族早发急性冠状动脉综合征危险因素研究

目的:探讨新疆和田维吾尔族早发急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者的临床特点及危险因素。方法:收集2017—2020年在新疆和田地区人民医院心内科住院的维吾尔族早发ACS患者264例(男性年龄≤45岁,女性≤55岁),同时收集同期的非早发ACS患者254例(男性年龄55岁,女性65岁),比较两组患者的临床基本特征、发病类型、冠状动脉(冠脉)造影特点。结果:(1)两组早发ACS均以男性为主,但早发ACS组患者女性比例(78/264,29.5%)显著高于非早发组(25/254,9.8%)(P0.05)。早发组的体质指数、吸烟史、饮酒史、冠心病家族史以及合并有高血压的比例明显高于非早发组(P0.05);非早发组合并有糖尿病、脑梗死病史的比例高于早发组(P0.05);(2)早发组中血小板计数、甘油三酯、同型半胱氨酸的水平高于非早发组(P0.05);非早发组中红细胞分布宽度、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇高于早发组(P0.05);(3)发病类型上非早发ACS中心肌梗死的比例比早发ACS中更高,早发ACS中不稳定型心绞痛的比例比非早发ACS高(P0.05);(4)早发ACS以单支病变为主,非早发ACS以3支病变为主;非早发ACS左主干、前降支、回旋支、右冠所占的比例均高于早发ACS(P0.05)。(5)多因素logistic回归分析显示,吸烟、冠心病家族史、体质指数、血小板计数高、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高同型半胱氨酸是早发ACS的主要危险因素。结论:超重、吸烟、冠心病家族史、高同型半胱氨酸、血小板计数增高、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇是和田地区维吾尔族早发ACS的主要危险因素,冠脉血管病变特点上早发ACS患者以单支病变为主,非早发ACS以3支病变为主。     

早发冠心病与晚发冠心病的危险因素及冠状动脉病变特点比较

目的:探讨早发冠心病与晚发冠心病的危险因素及冠状动脉病变特点。方法:收集2015-01至2016-02在我院心血管内科经冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查的747例患者一般资料和临床数据,根据CAG结果和患者发病年龄分为早发冠心病组(n=138)、晚发冠心病组(n=364)和非冠心病组(n=245)。冠心病诊断标准即至少有1支主要冠状动脉管径狭窄≥50%,早发冠心病指冠心病发生时男性低于55岁,女性低于65岁。分析早发冠心病与晚发冠心病患者的危险因素及病变特点。结果:早发冠心病组中有高血压家族史、血糖异常比例及体重指数、甘油三酯(TG)、血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A和载脂蛋白B水平均高于晚发冠心病组(P均0.05),合并高血压比例低于晚发冠心病组(P0.05)。多分类Logistic回归分析显示,合并高血压和糖尿病(OR=2.98,95%CI:1.04~8.57)、高血压家族史(OR=3.50,95%CI:1.28~9.57)、血糖异常(OR=1.98,95%CI:1.04~3.80)和高水平载脂蛋白B(OR=36.67,95%CI:3.51~99.83)增加早发冠心病的风险。高龄(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.15~1.24)、男性(OR=6.22,95%CI:3.31~11.69)、合并高血压(OR=1.75,95%CI:1.08~2.82)、同时合并高血压和糖尿病(OR=3.25,95%CI:1.42~7.46)、高水平载脂蛋白B(OR=16.39,95%CI:1.74~99.44)增加晚发冠心病的风险。早发冠心病组与晚发冠心病组比,双支病变患者比例高(38.4%vs 22.3%),多支病变患者比例低(31.2%vs 48.1%),差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论:早发冠心病组的危险因素中高血压家族史、血糖异常比例及体重指数和载脂蛋白B水平高于晚发冠心病组。积极开展有针对性的预防措施,对早发冠心病患者的危险因素进行有效防治。     

不同剂量氟伐他汀早期治疗急性冠状动脉综合征

目的探讨不同剂量氟伐他汀(fluvastatin)在急性冠状动脉综合征(acutecoronarysyndrome,ACS)早期治疗的临床作用和安全性。方法将191例ACS病人用随机、单盲法分为两组80mg组96例,氟伐他汀剂量80mg/d;40mg组95例,氟伐他汀剂量40mg/d。随访1年,观察调脂疗效及达标率(美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗专家组第三项报告最新版标准),对炎症因子和颈动脉内膜鄄中层厚度作用,药物不良反应,住院和随访期两组心脑血管事件发生情况。结果氟伐他汀80mg组和40mg组,用氟伐他汀治疗6周和1年,均能显著降低血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白β水平(P<0.01),升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白A水平(P<0.05);低密度脂蛋白胆固醇达标率显著增高(P<0.05);住院期间复发性心绞痛、心律失常和心力衰竭发生率显著减少(P<0.05);两组间差异有统计学意义;随访1年期间,复发性心绞痛、非致死性心肌梗死、心律失常、心力衰竭,需做经皮冠状动脉动脉介入术或冠状动脉旁路移植术和因缺血发作需住院发生率减少(P<0.05);两组病人在治疗6周后,血纤溶酶原激活物抑制物鄄1、纤维蛋白原、D鄄二聚体、超敏C鄄反应蛋白均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.01),两组降低上述4种炎症因子作用比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);颈动脉血管腔直径增宽,颈动脉内膜鄄中层厚度缩减,加快收缩期血流速度峰值及舒张期血流速度峰值,早期应用80mg/d组病人优于40mg/d组,差异有统计学意义。两组不良反应轻微,两组各3例谷丙转氨酶增高超过正常上限3倍以上,但停药1～2周恢复正常。结论ACS早期应用氟伐他汀80mg/d强化治疗,维持治疗1年,能有效调脂,提高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇达标率,显著抑制炎症因子,降低颈动脉内膜鄄中层厚度,减少颈动脉斑块,降低心脑血管事件发生。且易于被病人耐受,值得临床推广应用。     

血清载脂蛋白CⅢ水平与老年急性冠脉综合征病人冠状动脉病变程度的相关性研究

目的探讨老年急性冠脉综合征(ACS)病人血清中载脂蛋白CⅢ(Apo CⅢ)水平与血脂及冠脉病变程度的相关性。方法选取110例ACS病人作为研究对象(ACS组),依据病变程度将其分为ACS单支病变组和ACS多支病变组,每组各55例;同时另选取健康体检者100例作为对照组,比较ACS组与对照组一般临床资料,以及对照组、ACS单支病变组和ACS多支病变组血脂、脂蛋白α(Lpα)、载脂蛋白AⅠ(Apo A-Ⅰ)及Gensini评分,并分析Apo CⅢ水平与上述指标的相关性。结果 ACS组的男性与吸烟者比例均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);ACS单支病变组和ACS多支病变组的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、Lpα、ApoCⅢ水平及Gensini评分均显著高于对照组(P0.05),且ACS多支病变组上述指标均显著高于ACS单支病变组(P0.05);3组Apo A-Ⅰ水平比较,对照组ACS单支病变组ACS多支病变组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);ACS多支病变组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。相关性分析结果表明,Apo CⅢ与总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、LDL-C、Lpα、冠状动脉病变支数及Gensini评分呈正相关(P0.05),与HDL-C及Apo A-Ⅰ水平呈负相关(P0.05)。结论老年ACS病人血清Apo CⅢ升高,且与冠状动脉病变程度有关,ApoCⅢ可能参与了ACS的发生和发展。     

稳定型冠心病患者血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和载脂蛋白B浓度与SYNTAX评分的关系

目的探讨稳定型冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(stable coronary artery disease,SCAD)患者血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)和载脂蛋白B浓度与SYNTAX评分的关系。方法回顾性选择2016年1月至2017年12月在宝鸡市中心医院接受冠状动脉造影检查确诊的SCAD患者150例作为研究对象,根据SYNTAX评分结果将患者分为0~22分组(低分组,n=80)、23~32分组(中分组,n=40)和33分以上组(高分组,n=30)。SYNTAX评分与不同临床特征间的相关性采用Spearman相关性分析和多元线性回归分析。结果3组患者血小板分布宽度(platelet distribution width,PDW)、红细胞分布宽度(red cell distribution width,RDW)、纤维蛋白原、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein-cholesterol,HDL-C)、LDL-C、脂蛋白a、载脂蛋白A1、载脂蛋白B、SYNTAX评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Spearman相关性分析结果显示,SYNTAX评分与HDL-C、载脂蛋白A1呈负相关(P<0.05),与纤维蛋白原、总胆固醇、LDL-C、PDW、RDW、脂蛋白a、载脂蛋白B呈正相关(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,HDL-C、LDL-C、纤维蛋白原、载脂蛋白B均是影响冠状动脉病变的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论随着血清LDL-C、载脂蛋白B浓度的升高,SCAD患者SYNTAX评分升高,冠状动脉病变严重程度加重。血清LDL-C、载脂蛋白B浓度可作为判断SCAD患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的参考指标。     

早期应用大剂量阿托伐他汀对急性冠状动脉综合征患者C反应蛋白的影响

目的探讨阿托伐他汀对急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平的影响。方法66例ACS患者随机分为常规治疗组(30例)和阿托伐他汀治疗组(36例),30例健康人为对照组。阿托伐他汀治疗组于常规治疗基础上加用阿托伐他汀40mg/d,疗程为两周。两组均于治疗前和治疗结束时测定血清CRP、血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)浓度。结果阿托伐他汀组治疗两周后,CRP、TC、TG、LDL-C较治疗前下降(P<0.05￣0.01)。常规组治疗前后无明显变化(P>0.05)。阿托伐他汀组治疗后CRP与TC、LDL-C水平变化无相关性。结论在ACS早期给予大剂量阿托伐他汀治疗,使CRP水平下降,可能有利于抑制炎症反应,稳定斑块。     

早发冠心病患者合并高甘油三酯腰围表型的临床意义

目的：回顾性地分析高甘油三酯腰围表型（HTWP）在早发冠心病患者中的临床意义。 方法：收集本院经临床及冠状动脉造影确诊的早发冠心病患者123例,其中合并HTWP组71例,无HTWP组52例。测定低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、空腹血糖、尿酸、血压等指标。结果：合并HTWP组的LDL-C、空腹血糖、CRP显著高于无HTWP组（P<0.05）;合并HTWP组急性冠脉综合征（ACS）发生率高于无HTWP组（39.44%比19.23%,P<0.05）,冠脉病变Gensini评分高于无HTWP组［（36.61±31.22）比（25.31±27.44）,P<0.05］。结论：HTWP在早发冠心病患者可作为评估冠心病的危险因素;合并HTWP与ACS发生率及冠状动脉病变严重程度有关。     

Effect of ezetimibe coadministered with statins in genotype-confirmed heterozygous FH patients

We investigated the effect of statins and statins plus ezetimibe in 65 FH heterozygotes carrying LDLR-defective or LDLR-negative mutations as well as the effect of ezetimibe monotherapy in 50 hypercholesterolemic (HCH) patients intolerant to statins. PCSK9 and NPC1L1 genes were analysed to assess the role of genetic variants in response to therapy. In FH patients combined therapy reduced LDL-C by 57%, irrespective of the type of LDLR mutation. The additional decrease of plasma LDL-C induced by ezetimibe showed wide inter-individual variability (from -39% to -4.7%) and was negatively correlated with percent LDL-C decrease due to statin alone (r=-0.713, P<0.001). The variable response to statins was not due to PCSK9 gene variants associated with statin hyper-sensitivity. The highest response to ezetimibe was observed in a carrier of R174H substitution in NPC1L1, which had been found to be associated with high cholesterol absorption. In HCH patients, ezetimibe monotherapy induced a variable decrease of plasma LDL-C (from -47.7% to -13.4%). To investigate this variability, we sequenced NPC1L1 gene in patients with the highest and the lowest response to ezetimibe. This analysis showed a higher prevalence of the G allele of the c.816 C>G polymorphism (L272L) in hyper-responders, an observation confirmed also in FH patients hyper-responders to ezetimibe. In both FH and HCH patients, the G allele carriers tended to have a higher LDL-C reduction in response to ezetimibe. These observations suggest that in FH heterozygotes LDL-C reduction following combined therapy reflects a complex interplay between hepatic synthesis and intestinal absorption of cholesterol.     

Lipid levels and their genetic regulation in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and familial defective apolipoprotein B-100: the MEDPED Slovakia Project

We examined, from a cohort of 165 families, 529 individuals for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Utilising clinical criteria for diagnosis, we identified 122 patients (n=41 families) as having FH. With PCR testing, 31 individuals (n=12 families) were found to have familial defective Apo B-100 (FDB). From the cohort, 102 normolipidemic (NL) individuals served as a control group. Patients with FH had the highest levels of total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B), followed by FDB patients and the normolipidemic relatives had the lowest levels (P<0.0001 for all parameters). We did not find any effect of Apo E genotypes on lipid levels in the NL or FH group. Therefore, other genetic and/or environmental factors may be responsible for the diversity in the clinical expression in these populations.     

老年动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病患者他汀类药物使用现状

目的探讨他汀类药物在老年动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)患者中的使用现状。方法筛选医院电子病历数据,选择2014年1月~2018年12月在解放军第九六〇医院和德州市第二人民医院收治的年龄≥60岁的ASCVD患者15751例,按患者的年龄分为60~69岁组6230例,70~79岁组5192例和≥80岁组4329例。调查3组患者他汀类药物使用现状,分析他汀类药物使用的影响因素,比较患者LDL-C、非HDL-C控制达标的情况。结果≥80岁组外周动脉粥样硬化疾病比例明显高于60~69岁组和70~79岁组(1.6%vs 1.1%和0.8%,P=0.000)。所有患者他汀类药物使用率为67.4%,急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者他汀类药物使用率99.2%、PCI后为98.3%、冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后为95.2%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,ACS、PCI后、CABG后、住院科室、入院时间是影响他汀类药物使用的独立危险因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。与60~69岁组和70~79岁组比较,≥80岁组LDL-C达标率(48.07%vs 32.98%和30.97%)及非HDL-C达标率(38.99%vs 30.99%和28.76%)均明显升高(P<0.01)。结论他汀类药物在老年ASCVD急症患者中使用率较高,但在慢病管理中的使用及血脂达标情况仍有待提高。     

What characterizes event-free elderly FH patients? A comprehensive lipoprotein profiling

Background and aimsFamilial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder characterized by lifelong elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increased risk of premature coronary heart disease (CHD). Cholesterol-lowering therapy (statins) reduces CHD risk, but have been available only in the last 25 years, thus, elderly FH patients have been exposed to elevated LDL-C levels most of their life. Surprisingly, some of these have never experienced any CHD event, raising the question whether they present CHD resistant characteristics.Identifying possible cardioprotective biomarkers could contribute to future CHD preventive treatment, therefore, we aimed to identify metabolic markers in event-free elderly FH subjects.Methods and resultsWe used a high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy platform to quantify a large number of metabolites in serum samples from 83 FH patients ≥65 years, and analyze differences between subjects with (n = 39) and without (n = 44) CHD.Mean age was 70 years in both groups (57% and 38% female in the event-free group and CHD group, respectively). The event-free group had significantly higher levels of large and extra-large high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, and higher concentration of Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and cholesterol in HDL and HDL2 particles, compared to the CHD group (p ≤ 0.05 for all).ConclusionCHD resistant elderly FH patients have higher levels of large HDL particles. The mechanisms behind the event-free survival among these patients remain unclear; hence, a deeper understanding of the metabolic profile in event-free elderly FH subjects may lead to development of novel preventive therapies.     

非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及基质金属蛋白酶3对老年高血压患者急性冠脉综合征发生的影响

目的研究血清非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)及基质金属蛋白酶3 (MMP3)对老年高血压患者急性冠脉综合征(ACS)发病的影响。方法 2016年1月一2017年12月,收集60岁以上高血压患者住院当天生化检测样本,检测MMP3、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1 (Apo A1)、载脂蛋白B (Apo B)及脂蛋白a [Lp (a)]水平。并根据是否发生ACS,将患者分为ACS组和非ACS组,分析non-HDL-C和MMP3水平对ACS发病的影响。结果 391例患者年龄60~105岁,平均(75.8±11.7)岁,其中ACS组179例、非ACS组212例。ACS组患者年龄大于非ACS组(P=0.000);男性患者占比及合并糖尿病者多于非ACS组。Logistic回归分析发现,年龄、性别、TG、non-HDL-C、MMP3、是否糖尿病及低HDL-C是ACS发病的独立危险因素。Logistic逐步回归分析发现,高龄(OR=1.030,P=0.008)、non-HDL-C升高(OR=0.342,P=0.006)、MMP3 升高(OR=1.003,P=0.049)及糖尿病患者(OR=2.094,P<0.001) ACS 发生风险大。结论 non-HDL-C 和 MMP3可能是影响老年高血压患者ACS发病的危险因素。     

Familial hypercholesterolemia--improving treatment and meeting guidelines

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common, inherited disorder that affects around one in 500 individuals in the heterozygous form. By the year 2001, more people in the US had FH than were infected by the human immunodeficiency virus. The disease is caused by mutations within the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene. FH is associated with elevated plasma LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, xanthomatosis, early onset of atherosclerosis and premature cardiac death. Patients with heterozygous FH commonly have plasma LDL-C levels that are two-fold higher than normal, while homozygotes have four- to five-fold elevations in plasma LDL-C. Although FH patients have a high risk of developing premature coronary heart disease (CHD), they remain underdiagnosed and undertreated. Early detection of FH is critical to prolonging the life of these patients. Once identified, patients with heterozygous FH can be placed on a diet and drug management program. As the most efficacious and well-tolerated agents, hydroxy methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) are usually the drugs of first choice; bile acid sequestrants, niacin, and occasionally fibrates may be used as supplemental agents. Statins may also provide a realistic option for the treatment of some FH homozygotes with genes that produce partially functional LDL receptors. However, a number of patients are still failing to reach treatment guidelines even with the most effective of the currently available statins. The development of new more efficacious statins or the use of new combination therapies such as statins with the cholesterol absorption inhibitor, ezetimibe may help to reduce the current problem of undertreatment in FH patients.     

急性冠脉综合征合并2型糖尿病患者脂联素水平观察

目的:探讨急性冠脉综合征(ACS)合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)或糖耐量异常(IGT)时血清脂联素(APN)水平及与血脂、胰岛素抵抗的关系.方法:将40例ACS患者分为3组,单纯ACS组,ACS合并T2DM组,AGT组,并以16例正常者作为对照测定空腹血糖(FBG)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、体重指数(BMI)、血清脂联素(APN)、胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗(IR).结果:ACS合并T2DM组、合并IGT组、单纯ACS组的APN水平均明显低于NC组(P均＜0.01),且合并T2DM组的APN水平也明显低于单纯ACS组(P＜0.01),合并T2DM组与合并IGT组间APN水平没有明显差异,合并IGT组与单纯ACS组间亦无明显差异;校正FBG、FINS和IR后,APN与LDL-C负相关(γ=-0.322,P＜0.05),与HDL-C正相关(γ=0.330,P＜0.05),校正TG、HDL-C、LDL-C后,APN与FBG、FINS、IR负相关(γ分别为-0.270,-0.238,-0.257,P均＜0.05).结论:APN与调节血脂、抗动脉粥样硬化、改善胰岛素抵抗有关.     

Early statin therapy restores endothelial function in children with familial hypercholesterolemia

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to determine whether simvastatin improves endothelial function in children with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). BACKGROUND: Endothelial function measured by flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery (FMD) is used as a surrogate marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Adult studies have shown that statins reverse endothelial dysfunction and therefore reduce the risk for future CVD. METHODS: The study included 50 children with FH (9 to 18 years) and 19 healthy, non-FH controls. Children with FH were randomized to receive simvastatin or placebo for 28 weeks. The FMD was performed at baseline and at 28 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: At baseline, FMD was impaired in children with FH versus non-FH controls (p < 0.024). In the simvastatin FH group, FMD improved significantly, whereas the FMD remained unaltered in the placebo FH group throughout the study period (absolute increase 3.9% +/- 4.3% vs. 1.2% +/- 3.9%, p < 0.05). In the simvastatin FH group, FMD increased to a level similar to the non-FH controls (15.6% +/- 6.8% vs. 15.5% +/- 5.4%, p = 0.958). Upon treatment, the simvastatin FH group showed significant absolute reductions of total cholesterol (TC) (-2.16 +/- 1.04 mmol/l, 30.1%) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (-2.13 +/- 0.99 mmol/l, 39.8%). The absolute change of FMD after 28 weeks of therapy was inversely correlated to changes of TC (r = -0.31, p < 0.05) and LDL-C (r = -0.31, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our data show significant improvement of endothelial dysfunction towards normal levels after short-term simvastatin therapy in children with FH. These results emphasize the relevance of statin therapy in patients with FH at an early stage, when the atherosclerotic process is still reversible.     

急性冠脉综合征不同程度冠脉病变患者血浆高敏C反应蛋白检测及其意义

目的观察急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者冠脉病变严重程度与高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）水平差异并探讨其临床意义。方法 135例经冠状动脉造影证实的至少一支冠状动脉狭窄超过75%的ACS患者,分为单支病变组（n=49例）及多支病变组（n=86例）,同期15例冠脉造影正常受试者作为正常对照组。检测ACS患者12h内及对照组受试者入院时的血浆hs-CRP,比较不同组别hs-CRPP的差异。结果对照组、单支病变、多支病变组,血浆hs-CRP分别为（0.92±0.75）mg/L、（1.52±0.63）mg/L、（1.71±0.83）mg/L,ACS各组血浆hs-CRP均明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）,多支病变组血浆hs-CRP明显高于单支病变组（P〈0.05）。结论不同ACS冠脉病变程度患者的血浆hs-CRP水平存在差异,血浆hs-CRP水平对预测ACS患者冠脉严重程度有一定意义。     

Familial Hypercholesterolemia Among Young Adults With Myocardial Infarction

BackgroundThere are limited data on the prevalence and treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) among U.S. adults who experience a myocardial infarction (MI) at a young age.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of clinically defined FH and examine the rates of statin utilization and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) achieved 1-year post MI.MethodsThe YOUNG-MI registry is a retrospective cohort study that includes patients who experience an MI at or below age 50 years between 2000 and 2016 at 2 academic centers. Probable or definite FH was defined by the Dutch Lipid Clinic criteria. Outcomes included the proportion of patients classified as probable or definite FH, use of lipid-lowering therapy, and LDL-C achieved 1-year post MI.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 1,996 adults with a median age of 45 years; 19% were women, and 54% had ST-segment elevation MI. Probable/definite FH was present in 180 (9%) of whom 42.8% were not on statins prior to their MI. Of the 1,966 patients surviving until hospital discharge, 89.4% of FH patients and 89.9% of non-FH patients were discharged on statin therapy (p = 0.82). Among FH patients, 63.3% were discharged on high-intensity statin compared with 48.4% for non-FH patients (p < 0.001). At 1-year follow-up, the percent reduction in LDL-C among FH patients was ?44.4% compared with ?34.5% (p = 0.006) in non-FH patients. The proportion of patients with LDL-C ≥70 mg/dl was higher among FH patients (82.2%) compared with non-FH patients (64.5%; p < 0.001).ConclusionsClinically defined FH was present in nearly 1 of 10 patients with MI at a young age. Only two-thirds of FH patients were discharged on high-intensity statin therapy, and the vast majority had elevated LDL-C at 1 year. These findings reinforce the need for more aggressive lipid-lowering therapy in young FH and non-FH patients post-MI.