| 北京市3~12岁儿童正确洗手行为家庭影响因素 |
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| 引用本文： | 曹远,郭铭杰,柴晶鑫,于彤,刘秀荣.北京市3~12岁儿童正确洗手行为家庭影响因素[J].中国学校卫生,2022,43(11):1677-1681. |
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| 作者姓名： | 曹远 郭铭杰 柴晶鑫 于彤 刘秀荣 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京市疾病预防控制中心健康教育所, 100020 |
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| 基金项目： | 北京市疾病预防控制中心科研培育专项2020-BJYJ-19 |
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| 摘 要： | 目的 了解北京市学龄前儿童及小学生正确洗手行为及其家庭影响因素，为进一步开展洗手相关健康干预提供参考。 方法 2020年11—12月，利用问卷星软件使用自行设计的调查问卷对北京市9个区36所幼儿园和18所小学的7 494名儿童家长开展线上调查。调查内容为儿童及其家庭基本情况，家长对新型冠状病毒肺炎(以下简称“新冠肺炎”)防护知识正确知晓、对疫情风险感知程度、为儿童提供洗手指导等的情况，以及儿童的洗手行为。 结果 学龄前儿童正确洗手的比例为70.2%，高于小学生(61.9%)(χ2=57.63，P＜0.01)。学龄前儿童家长知晓洗手相关知识(36.2%，33.4%)、对疫情风险感知低(28.9%，25.4%)、提供洗手指导(99.1%，97.9%)的比例均高于小学生家长，差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为6.72，22.84，18.68，P值均＜0.05)，学龄前儿童家长自我效能高的比例(75.7%)低于小学生家长(78.2%)(χ2=6.43，P=0.04)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，无论学龄前儿童还是小学生，城区、家长自我效能较高、风险感知低、为儿童提供洗手指导，儿童正确洗手的可能性高；对于学龄前儿童，非独生子女与正确洗手行为呈负相关(OR=0.79，95%CI=0.69~0.92)；对于小学生，女童正确洗手的可能是男童1.21倍(95%CI=1.06~1.39)，家长知晓知识者是不知晓者的1.20倍(95%CI=1.04~1.40，P值均＜0.05)。 结论 学龄前儿童洗手行为优于小学生，家长对于新冠肺炎疫情、洗手行为的认知，自我效能以及采取的指导行为对于儿童健康行为养成有不同程度的影响。应采取措施进一步提高家长指导儿童预防传染病的能力和自我效能。
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| 关 键 词： | 洗手 健康行为 健康教育 回归分析 儿童 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-03-21 |
Family factors associated with handwashing behavior among children aged 3 to 12 years in Beijing |
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| Affiliation: | Health Education Institute of Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (100020), China |
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| Abstract: | Objective To understand the proper handwashing behavior of preschool children and primary school students in Beijing, and to analyze associated family factors to provide reference for further health intervention related to handwashing. Methods From November to December 2020, parents of 36 kindergartens and 18 primary schools in 9 districts of Beijing were investigated online by using a self-designed questionnaire with questionnaire star software. The contents of the survey included the basic situation of children and their families, parents' correct knowledge of the prevention of novel coronavirus pneumonia, their perception of the epidemic risk, the provision of handwashing guidance for children, and children's handwashing behavior. Results The proportion of proper handwashing of preschool children was 70.2%, which was higher than that of primary school students (61.9%) (χ2=57.63, P < 0.01). The proportion of parents of preschool children who correctly knew handwashing related knowledge (36.2%, 33.4%), had low perception of epidemic risk (28.9%, 25.4%), and provided handwashing guidance (99.1%, 97.9%) was higher than that of parents of primary school students, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=6.72, 22.84, 18.68, P < 0.05). But the proportion of parents of preschool children who had high self-efficacy (75.7%, 78.2%)was lower compared to parents of primary school students(χ2=6.43, P=0.04). Multivariate regression results showed that whether preschool children or primary school students, urban areas and parents had high self-efficacy, low risk perception, and provided hand washing guidance for children, children were more likely to wash their hands correctly. For preschool children, non-only children were 0.79(95%CI=0.69-0.92) times more likely to wash their hands correctly than only children. For primary school students, girls were 1.21(95%CI=1.06-1.39) times more likely to wash their hands correctly than boys, and parents who know knowledge correctly were 1.20(95%CI=1.04-1.40) times more likely to know it incorrectly(P < 0.05). Conclusion Proper hand washing behavior of preschool children is higher than that of primary school students. Parental awareness of COVID-19 epidemic, handwashing behavior, self-efficacy and guidance behavior have effects on the development of children's health behavior. Measures should be taken to enhance parents' awareness of infectious diseases and their ability and self-efficacy of guiding children in disease prevention. |
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