Exposure to community violence and upper respiratory illness in older adolescents |
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| Institution: | 1. Spatial Epidemiology Lab, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA;2. Department of Biostatistics, New York University College of Global Public Health, New York, NY, USA;3. Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University College of Global Public Health, New York, NY, USA;4. Centre for Studies on Human Stress, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada;5. Department of Psychological, Health and Learning Sciences, College of Education, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA;6. Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, SUNY Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA;7. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women''s Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical School, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;1. Butler Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University;2. Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA;3. Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA;1. Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA;2. Department of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;1. Department of Psychology, Montana State University, United States;2. Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Baylor University, United States;1. Public Health, Department of Community Medicine and Health Care, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, USA, 06030-6325;2. Department of Community Medicine and Health Care, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, USA, 06030-6325;3. Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, USA, 06030-6325 |
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| Abstract: | PurposeTo examine the relationship between exposure to chronic community violence and upper respiratory illness (URI) symptoms among urban adolescents of color; and to test the generality of a model of the relationship between social stress and URI.MethodThe research used a cross-sectional correlational design. The sample was 769 first-semester first-year students in an urban nonresidential 4-year college from the academic years 1999–2002. Data were collected by a group-administered questionnaire in academic classes. The research used three multi-item additive scales (each with high reliability and validity): exposure to community violence, psychological distress, and URI symptoms. Multiple regression procedures were used to analyze the data.ResultsPositive correlations were obtained between: exposure to community violence and reporting of URI (r = .19), exposure and psychological distress (r = .22), and psychological distress and URI (r = .51). The relationship between exposure to community violence and URI is greatly reduced when level of psychological distress is statistically controlled.ConclusionsExposure to community violence is related to experiencing URI symptoms among older urban adolescents of color; the effect size of the relationship is small-medium. Psychological distress mediates the impact of exposure to community violence on URI. The findings expand the range of social stressors that are empirically related to URI, and populations in which a relationship between social stressors and URI may be found. |
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