成都市某社区40～64岁人群膳食结构和营养素分析

目的了解中老年人膳食结构和营养素摄入情况,为有针对性的开展营养改善工作提供依据。方法选取成都市40～64岁居民571名,采用食物频率回顾问卷进行调查,了解其一般情况及过去1年食物摄入情况,分析各类食物摄入量及膳食能量、营养素摄入情况,并测量其身高体重。结果调查对象平均每日食物摄入量为：主食338.0g（谷类327.8g,薯类10.1g）,蔬菜471.3g,水果86.4g,豆类58.6g,奶类129.9g,畜肉102.7g,禽肉11.8g,水产品25.8g,食用油37.5g;食用油和豆类摄入量高于膳食指南推荐量,奶类、水果和水产品的摄入量低于推荐量;谷类、薯类、禽肉、水产品摄入量低于全国平均水平,蔬菜、豆类、坚果和畜肉类高于全国平均水平;膳食中脂肪、胆固醇、烟酸、维生素E、钠、磷、铁、铜和锰摄入量高于推荐量,钙摄入量低于推荐量。结论中年居民膳食结构和营养素摄入与膳食指南推荐量有差异,营养过剩与营养不良并存。

Study On Dietary Patterns and Nutrients of Middle-aged People In Chengdu

Objective To understand the dietary patterns and nutrient intake of the residents in Chengdu and provide evidence for developing nutritional intervention measures. Methods A total of 571 middle-aged people aged 40～64 years in Chengdu were surveyed. Demographics anddietary information in past one year was collected via a quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Height and weight were measured. Results The average food consumption was 327.8 g for cereals, 10.1 g for potatoes, 471.3 g for vegetables, 86.4 g for fruits, 58.6 g for legumes, 129.9 g for dairy products, 102.7 g for meat, 11.8 g for poultry, 25.8 g for fishery products and 37.5 g for edible oil. The average daily intakes of oils and legumes exceeded recommended standard, but the intakes of dairy products, fruits and fishery products were below recommended standard. The residents had less consumption of cereals, potatoes, poultry, fishery products, but more consumption of vegetables, legume, nuts and meat of animals than national level. The Intakes of fat, cholesterol, niacin, vitamin E, sodium, phosphorus, iron, copper and manganese exceeded recommended nutrient requirement （RNI）, but the intake of calcium was below RNI. Conclusion The people in Chengdu had unbalance dietary patterns and nutrients. Both overnutrition and malnutrition were observed in the subjects simultaneously. The intervention measures should be taken.