肿瘤免疫细胞治疗的现状及展望

肿瘤免疫细胞治疗近年来因其疗效显著而备受瞩目.免疫细胞,包括T细胞、NK细胞和DC在抗肿瘤免疫应答以及肿瘤免疫治疗中发挥了重要作用.其中,嵌合抗原受体(chimeric antigen receptor,CAR)修饰T细胞(CAR-T)技术和逆转肿瘤免疫抑制功能的CTLA4和PD-1/PD-L1等免疫检查点抑制剂疗法分别在血液肿瘤及黑素瘤等实体肿瘤治疗中取得了令人振奋的效果,如何进一步提高疗效、增加适应性肿瘤病种并控制其免疫相关的不良反应成为日后研究重点;NK细胞也将利用CAR技术和免疫检查点抑制剂进一步增强其在肿瘤治疗中的作用;DC作为第一个被FDA批准的治疗性肿瘤疫苗,在证明其安全无毒副作用的基础上,如何提高疗效成为关注热点.本文结合近年来肿瘤免疫细胞治疗的进展及该领域中亟需解决的问题作一分析与展望.

The current situation and prospect of immunocyte-therapy for tumor

Immunocyte therapy for tumor has drawn a great attention in recent years due to its significant effect. Immunocytes, including T cell, NK cell and DCs, play a key role in immune responses of anti-tumors and immunotherapy of tumors. Among them, the techique of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified-T cell (CAR-T) and inhibitor therapy which reverses CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 and so on immune checkpoints of tumor immune suppressive function have respectively achieved exciting results in therapies of blood tumors, melanoma and other solid tumors. How to further improve the efficacy, to increase adaptive tumor diseases and to control immune related adverse reactions of the therapy could become the focus of future research. NK cell will also take advantages of CAR technique and inhibitors of immune checkpoints to further strengthen its role in the tumor therapy. How to enhance the curative effect of DCs as the first therapeutic tumor vaccine approved by FDA based on its confirmed safe and non-toxic side effects could become a hot point. In this paper, problems that need to be solved in the field were further analyzed and prospected with combination of recent advances in the immunocyte-therapy for tumor.