整形外科常用软骨生物力学研究进展

肋软骨、耳软骨及鼻中隔软骨广泛应用于整形外科领域,肋软骨主要进行全耳再造及鼻整形,而耳软骨及鼻中隔软骨则应用于鼻整形术中,其术后效果及形态的维持与软骨生物力学特征密切相关。软骨主要由软骨细胞及细胞外基质组成,与生物力学相关的结构为蛋白多糖、胶原纤维以及软骨膜,而决定软骨生物力学性能的则是软骨的微观结构,主要为细胞外基质。主要关注肋软骨、耳软骨及鼻中隔软骨相关的生物力学特性及其微观结构研究结果,总结不同软骨包括组织工程耳软骨生物力学测试的基本数据。目前关于软骨生物力学研究有待于对测试方法进行标准化,同时可进一步推广有限元的研究思路,进而更好地指导临床诊治。

Progress of cartilage in plastic surgery

Costal cartilage, auricular cartilage and nasal septal cartilage are widely used in plastic operation. Costal cartilage is used in ear reconstruction and augmentation rhinoplasty, while the auricular cartilage and nasal septal cartilage are applied in the nasal plastic operation. The maintenance of postoperative form is closely related to the biomechanical characteristics of the cartilage. Meanwhile, ultrastructure, especially extracellular matrix, determines the mechanical properties of cartilage. This review mainly focuses on the biomechanical properties and ultrastracture of the cartilages and summarizes the basic data of different cartilages in biomechanical testing, including tissue engineered-auricular cartilage. However, the procedure of biomechanical testing on cartilages currently needs further standardization, and the use of the finite element method should be promoted, so as to offer a better clinical diagnosis and treatment.