丙烯酰胺接触工人职业健康的影响因素分析

目的 调查某丙烯酰胺生产车间工人接触丙烯酰胺及工人自觉症状情况,进而探讨影响丙烯酰胺职业人群健康的相关危险因素。 方法 检测某石油炼化工厂生产车间丙烯酰胺浓度,同时选取109名接触丙烯酰胺的工人为接触组,以该厂不接触丙烯酰胺的104名工人为非接触组,进行职业流行病学调查,对相关资料进行χ2检验和多因素Logistic回归分析。 结果 生产车间5个生产点丙烯酰胺的检测浓度(C_TWA)为0.15~0.28 mg/m3。单因素分析显示,喝咖啡、吸烟、饮酒和接触丙烯酰胺四种因素均与神经系统症状有关(χ2=4.658、33.339、17.438、89.535,P均< 0.05),仅吸烟和接触丙烯酰胺两种因素与丙烯酰胺的一般性症状有关(χ2=17.059、41.375,P均< 0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,吸烟和接触丙烯酰胺工龄≥ 5年可能为出现神经系统症状和一般性症状的危险因素(均有OR > 1,P < 0.05)。 结论 吸烟和接触低浓度丙烯酰胺是影响职业人群健康的主要危险因素。应该加强对接触人群的劳动保护,减少职业接触,并大力采取戒烟措施,防止双重侵害。

Study on health effect of occupational acrylamide exposure and confounding factors

Objective To study the adverse effect of acrylamide among occupationally exposed workers and explore the potential confounding factors related to this health effect. Methods The health condition of 109 workers in an oil refining plant exposed to acrylamide and 104 control workers were surveyed. The acrylamide concentrations at workplaces were measured and the risk factors related to health were asked. Results The concentrations（CTWA）of acrylamide at 5 worksites in this plant varied from 0.15 to0.28 mg/m^3,which was lower than the national exposure limits. The chi-square test showed that acrylamide exposure,coffee intake,smoking and drinking were associated with nervous system symptoms among exposed workers（χ^2 = 4.658,33.339,17.438,89.535,P〈0.05）,while acrylamide exposure and smoking were associated with general symptoms（χ^2 = 17.059,41.375,P〈0.05）. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking and exposure to acrylamide with 5 years or more may be risk factors of both general symptoms and nervous system symptoms（both OR〉1,P〈0.05）. Conclusion Smoking and occupational exposure to acrylamide were the main risk factors of health problem among exposed workers. It is necessary to reduce the acrylamide exposure level and stop smoking to protect workers＇ health.