短程口服地西泮或氯硝西泮预防小儿癫痫群集性发作30例临床研究

目的:探讨间歇短程口服地西泮(DZP)或氯硝西泮(CZP)预防癫痫群集性发作的疗效与耐受情况。方法:对30例有诱因、先兆或固定发作周期的群集性癫痫发作患儿在维持其原抗癫痫药物治疗方案基础上,分别投以较大剂量DZP(每天0.3~0.5m g/kg)或CZP(每天0.05~0.15m g/kg),分两次口服,服药时间2~7d,因病情而异。结果:全组19例患儿达到有效预防63.3%,其中4例获得控制,占13.3%。服DZP的8例患儿中2例有效,其余6例无效。服CZP的22例患儿中4例达到发作控制,13例有效。有诱因出现群集性发作的14例患儿10例有效,71.4%,其中3例完全获得控制,服药时间2~4d,平均2.5d。9例呈周期性发作有先兆者5例预防治疗有效,占55.6%,其中1例获得控制,另7例无先兆的周期性发作患儿中4例有效。周期性发作患儿服药时间最短3d,最长7d,平均4d。全组16例(占53.3%)患儿服用DZP及CZP后出现不良反应,大多数为暂时性头晕或嗜睡,13例患儿已经坚持这种治疗方法1年半至4年仍保持有效。结论:短程服用DZP或CZP可以有效预防部分患儿的癫痫群集性发作,但应注意患儿的耐受性问题。

Clinical study on the prevention of seizure clusters of children epilepsy with short oral diazepam and clonazepam

Objective: To study the effectiveness and tolerance of short oral diazepam and clonazepam in preventing seizure clusters.Methods: 30 cases of epileptic children with cluster seizures were treated with intermittent oral diazepam and clonazepam.Results: 19 cases(63.3%) were effective,4 cases(13.3%) were completly seizure free.Side effects including dizziness and somnolence were transient but were seen in 16 children(53.3%). Conclusion: Intermittent oral diazepam and clonazepam is effective for preventing seizure clusters of children epilepsy.