紫苏叶的化学成分、药理活性和质量控制研究进展

目的：对紫苏叶的研究现状进行全面的综述，为紫苏叶的进一步开发研究提供参考。方法：通过文献研究法对近年来紫苏叶的化学成分、药理活性及质量控制研究进行梳理，并提出相关建议。结果与结论：从紫苏叶中分离或鉴定得到7类共200余个成分，包括挥发油、黄酮、花青素、酚酸、三萜、氨基酸和糖共7类化合物，其中以挥发油成分最为丰富。现代研究表明，紫苏具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌、抗过敏、抗肿瘤、抗血栓、抗抑郁等丰富的药理作用。紫苏叶中挥发性成分主要采用HSGC/MS、GC-MS等方法测定，迷迭香酸和多酚等非挥发性成分主要采用HPLC-PDA、UFLC-Q-TOF-MS等方法测定。《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版一部紫苏叶各论收载的质量控制项目可望进一步完善；建议针对紫苏叶片颜色与其化学成分及质量的相关性开展系统研究。

Research Progress on the Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological Activity and Quality Control of Perillae Folium

Objective: With the prospect to provide reference for further research, development of Perillae Folium, this article comprehensively reviewed the research progress of Perillae Folium. Methods: The research on chemical composition, pharmacological activity and quality control of Perilla frutescens leaves in recent years was reviewed by literature study, and put forward relevant suggestions. Results and Conclusion: Seven kinds of more than 200 components were isolated or identifi ed from the leaves of Perilla frutescens, including volatile oil, fl avonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, triterpenes, amino acids and saccharides, among which the volatile oil is the most abundant component. Modern research shows that Perillae Folium also has rich pharmacological eff ects such as anti-oxidation, anti-infl ammatory, antibacterial, anti-allergic, anti-tumor, anti-thrombotic, and antidepressant. The volatile components in Perillae Folium are mainly determined by HSGC/MS, GC-MS and other methods, while the non-volatile components such as rosmarinic acid and polyphenols are mainly determined by HPLC-PDA, UFLC-Q-TOF-MS and other methods.The quality control items of Perillae Folium in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition, Part 1) are expected to be further improved. It is suggested to carry out a systematic study on the correlation between the color of Perillae Folium and their chemical composition and quality.