头颈癌手术患者住院期间营养相关症状的纵向研究

目的探讨头颈癌手术患者住院期间营养相关症状发生水平、动态变化情况及相关影响因素。方法采用自制一般情况调查表、头颈症状清单对126例住院且手术的头颈癌患者进行调查分析。使用IBM SPSS 21.0软件进行数据统计分析。结果头颈癌手术患者住院期间平均每人会出现9个营养相关症状,发生率超过50%的营养相关症状是疼痛(100%)、唾液黏稠(99.21%)、精力不足(91.27%)、便秘(72.22%)、吞咽困难(64.30%)和食欲不振(58.73%)。疼痛和唾液黏稠是持续时间最长且最明显的症状,焦虑在术前至术后第7天较明显,乏力在术后较多见,吞咽困难和口干在术前及术后第7天直到出院较常见,便秘在术后1～7 d较多见。营养相关症状发生数与年龄相关,年龄越小症状越多。结论头颈癌手术患者住院期间症状负担较重,且存在较大的个体和时间差异性,医护人员应重视患者的营养相关症状,对其进行症状管理,提供个体化和动态化的精准护理。

Longitudinal study on nutritional related symptoms of inpatients with head and neck cancer

Objective To investigate the level and dynamic changes of nutrition-related symptoms in patients with head and neck cancer during hospitalization. Methods A total of 126 hospitalized patients with head and neck cancer were investigated and analyzed by self-made general information questionnaire and the head and neck patient symptom checklist. IBM SPSS21.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results The average number of nutrition-related symptoms occurred during hospitalization in patients with head and neck cancer is nine. The nutrition-related symptoms of incidence rate over 50% were pain (100%), thick saliva (99.21%), lack of energy (91.27%), constipation (72.22%), dysphagia (64.30%) and loss of appetite (58.73%). Pain and thick saliva were the longest and most obvious symptoms;Anxiety was more obvious from the day before operation to 7 days after operation;Fatigue was more common after operation;Dysphagia and xerostomia were more common before operation and 7 days after operation until discharge;Constipation was more common from 1 day to 7 days after operation. The number of nutritional related symptoms is related to age, the younger the patients, the more the symptoms. Conclusions The symptoms burden of head and neck cancer patients during hospitalization are heavy, and there are largely individual differences and time differences. Therefore, health care workers should pay attention to the nutritional symptoms of patients, carry out symptoms management and provide individualized and dynamic precision nursing.