冬虫夏草繁育品中重金属及有害元素分布特征研究及风险评估

目的：对冬虫夏草繁育品干品和鲜品中重金属及有害元素分布特征进行研究，以期为无公害冬虫夏草的繁育提供技术支持。方法：采用微波消解法对干品和鲜品样品进行有机破坏处理，以ICP-MS法为检测方法，对干品和鲜品共30批次的样品中铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、砷(As)、汞(Hg)、铜(Cu)5种重金属及有害元素进行测定，结合化学计量学对测定结果的含量特征进行分析；结合课题组前期建立的风险评估方法(HI或MOE法)从食用及药用两方面对分析结果进行风险评估。结果：分析过程中各元素在线性范围内线性关系良好，进样精密度RSD在0.34%～0.79%之间，各元素的回收率在93.0%～103.0%之间。30批次样品中，Cu、Cd全部检出，含量范围分别是2.1～8.98 mg·kg^-1和0.02～0.25 mg·kg^-1;As有26批检出，含量范围是0.10～0.48 mg·kg^-1;Pb有16批检出，含量范围是0.10～0.50 mg·kg^-1;Hg仅有4批检出，含量范围是0.02～0.05 mg·kg^-1

Study on the Distribution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and Harmful Elements in the Breeding Products of Cordyceps sinensis

Objective: Research on the distribution characteristics of heavy metals and harmful elements in dry and fresh products of Cordyceps sinensis breeding products, in order to provide technical support for the breeding of pollution-free Cordyceps sinensis. Method: The microwave digestion method was used to organically destroy the dry and fresh samples, and the ICP-MS method was used to detect the five kinds of heavy metals and harmful elements including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), and copper (Cu) in 30 batches of dry and fresh samples, and the content characteristics of the determination results were analyzed in combination with chemometrics; combined with the risk assessment method (HI or MOE) established by the research group in the early stage, and analyzed the results for risk assessment from two aspects of food consumption and medicinal use. Result: During the analysis process, the elements have a good linear relationship within the linear range, the injection precision RSD was between 0.34%-0.79%, and the recovery rate of each element was between 93.0%-103.0%. In 30 batches of samples, Cu and Cd were all detected, with the content range of 2.1-8.98 mg·kg^-1 and 0.02-0.25 mg·kg^-1, respectively; as was detected in 26 batches, with the content range of 0.10-0.48 mg·kg^-1; Pb was detected in 16 batches, with the content range of 0.10-0.50 mg·kg-1; Hg was only detected in 4 batches, with the content range of 0.02-0.05 mg·kg^-1. The results of principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed that there were obvious differences in the characteristics of heavy metals and harmful elements in dry and fresh products; the risk assessment results showed that the HI of the Cu, Cd, Hg was less than 1, and the MOE of the Pb and As elements was more than 1. The potential health risks of heavy metals and harmful elements in dry and fresh products were relatively low. Conclusion: This research has a certain guiding role for the breeding of Cordyceps sinensis with no pollution and low content of heavy metals and harmful elements and the improvement of its quality standards.