Soft tissue tumors of the urinary bladder, Part I: myofibroblastic proliferations, benign neoplasms, and tumors of uncertain malignant potential |
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Authors: | Lott Sarah Lopez-Beltran Antonio Maclennan Gregory T Montironi Rodolfo Cheng Liang |
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Affiliation: | Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. |
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Abstract: | Most bladder tumors arise from the urothelium. However, there are several uncommon but significant bladder lesions that must be differentiated from urothelial carcinomas. These include both benign and malignant spindle cell lesions. The first half of this 2-part review will describe benign myofibroblastic proliferations including inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor and postoperative spindle cell nodule; benign neoplasms including leiomyoma, hemangioma, neurofibroma, and schwannoma; and tumors of uncertain malignant potential including paraganglioma, granular cell tumor, and perivascular epithelioid cell tumor. Common clinical presentations, morphological characteristics, and immunohistochemical features are described to aid the practicing pathologist in the identification of these entities. This review also describes current theories as to the pathogenesis of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor and postoperative spindle cell nodule and details the current molecular markers identifying several of these lesions. |
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Keywords: | Urinary bladder Neoplasia Sarcoma Soft tissue tumor Immunohistochemistry Spindle cell lesions Carcinosarcoma Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor Postoperative spindle cell nodule Leiomyoma Hemangioma Neurofibroma Solitary fibrous tumor Paraganglioma Schwannoma Granular cell tumor Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor |
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