Momordica charantia fruit extract with antioxidant capacity improves the expression of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in epididymal fluid of chronic stress rats |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;2. Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion (HHP & HP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;3. The PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, China;4. Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, China;1. Department of General Practice, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China;2. Department of General Practice, Changhai Hongkou Hospital, Shanghai 200081, China;3. Department of Special Clinic, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China;4. Shanghai Institute of Biochemical and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China;5. Department of Nursing, Shidong Hospital, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200438, China;6. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China;1. Central Laboratory of Science and Technology Department, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China;2. Cardiovascular Department, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China;1. Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019, India;2. Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019, India;1. Department of Acupuncture, Baoshan Branch of Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China;2. Department of Acupuncture, Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China;1. Chung-Yeon Korean Medicine Clinic, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06224, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, Dongshin University Korean Medicine Hospital, Gwangju 61619, Republic of Korea;5. Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;6. Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;7. KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea;8. Department of Statistics Support, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;9. Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea;10. Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Campus of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea;11. College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveAlthough the protective effects of Momordica charantia L. (MC) extract on chemical-induced testicular damage have been studied, the preventive effects of MC extract on functional proteins in the epididymis under chronic stress have never been reported. This study investigated the protective effects of MC fruit extract on protein secretion, especially tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, in the epididymis of rats exposed to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS).MethodsTotal phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoid compounds (TFC) and antioxidant capacities of MC extract were measured. Adult male rats were divided into 4 groups: control group, CUS group, and 2 groups of CUS that received different doses of MC extract (40 or 80 mg/kg). In treated groups, rats were given MC daily, followed by induction of CUS (1 stressor was randomly applied from a battery of 9 potential stressors) for 60 consecutive days. Plasma corticosterone and testosterone levels were analyzed after the end of experiment. Expressions of heat-shock protein 70 (HSP-70) and tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins present in the fluid of the head and tail of the epididymis were quantified using Western blot.ResultsMC extract contained TPC of (19.005 ± 0.270) mg gallic acid equivalents and TFC of (0.306 ± 0.012) mg catechin equivalents per gram, and had 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl antioxidant capacity of (4.985 ± 0.086) mg trolox equivalents per gram, radical 50% inhibitory concentration of (2.011 ± 0.008) mg/mL and ferric reducing antioxidant power of (23.697 ± 0.819) µmol Fe(II) per gram. Testosterone level in the epididymis was significantly increased, while the corticosterone level was significantly improved in groups treated with MC extract, compared to the CUS animals. Particularly, an 80 mg/kg dose of MC extract prevented the impairments of HSP-70 and tyrosine-phosphorylated protein expressions in the luminal fluid of the epididymis of CUS rats.ConclusionMC fruit extract had antioxidant activities and improved the functional proteins secreted from the head and tail of the epididymis. It is possible to develop the MC fruit extract as a male fertility supplement for enhancing functional sperm maturation in stressed men. |
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| Keywords: | Antioxidant activity Epididymis Tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins Chronic unpredictable stress |
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