长春市肾综合征出血热流行趋势分析

目的分析长春市45年肾综合征出血热(HFRS)流行趋势、疫区分布、类型及其特点。方法收集45年来长春市HFRS发病死亡情况、疫区分布、类型及流行强度资料进行分析。结果45年间,HFRS流行出现了发病从低发区向高发区转变趋势。1998年以后进入发病快速上升期,HFRS发病数由几例增加到2004年621例,发病率为8.64/10万。疫区范围逐渐扩大,并呈现由农村向城市扩散的趋势。血清学方法检测证实,疫区类型由单一的姬鼠型向家鼠型和混合型疫区演变。发病以15～60岁的农民为主,男性高于女性;一年四季均有发病,但以春、秋两季为流行高峰,且长春市肾综合征出血热流行呈现逐年上升趋势。结论长春市HFRS的流行已出现新的流行特征,应加强肾综合征出血热防治工作。

Analysis of Prevalent Trends of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in Changchun

Objective Our study was designed to analyze the prevalent trends, distribution, types and characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in 45 years in the city of Changchun. Methods Data on the morbidity, mortality, distribution, types and intensity of HFRS in 45 years in the city of Changchun were collected and analyzed. Results It was found that the city shifted from a low-incidence area of HFRS to a high-incidence one and the epidemic spread rapidly after 1998, which was evidenced by the fact that there were only several cases prior to 1998 but the number rose to 621 cases in 2004 with an incidence rate of 8.64/lakh. The scope of affected area was extended, presenting a trend of dispersing from the countryside to the city. Serological examinations demonstrated that the type of epidemic area changed from Apodemus agrarius to house rat and mixed area. Farmers aged from 15 to 60 years were more frequently affected, more often in males than in females. HFRS might occur all around the year but the peak incidence was seen in spring and autumn. The epidemic of HFRS in Changcun city took on an rising trend. Conclusion The epidemic of HFRS in Changchun city is of some new characteristics and the prevention and treatment of HFRS should be strengthened.