Toxicity, residue dynamics, and reproductive effects of phthalate esters in aquatic invertebrates |
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Authors: | H O Sanders F L Mayer D F Walsh |
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Institution: | Fish-Pesticide Research Laboratory, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, United States Department of the Interior, Columbia, Missouri 65201 USA |
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Abstract: | Aquatic invertebrates were exposed to di-n-butyl and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate esters in water to determine toxicity, accumulation, and reproductive effects of these compounds. The acute toxicities were low and ranged from 2.1 mg/liter to greater than 32 mg/liter. Residue accumulation was rapid resulting in body residues 70-13,600 times that of the water concentration. Phthalate residues were essentially gone after 10 days in fresh water. A reproductive impairment of 60% occurred in Daphnia magna exposed continuously to 3 μg/liter of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate. |
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