Primary Cilia in Amacrine Cells in Retinal Development |
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Authors: | Ke Ning Brent E Sendayen Tia J Kowal Biao Wang Bryan W Jones Yang Hu Yang Sun |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States;2.Palo Alto Veterans Administration, Palo Alto, California, United States;3.Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States |
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Abstract: | PurposePrimary cilia are conserved organelles found in polarized cells within the eye that regulate cell growth, migration, and differentiation. Although the role of cilia in photoreceptors is well-studied, the formation of cilia in other retinal cell types has received little attention. In this study, we examined the ciliary profile focused on the inner nuclear layer of retinas in mice and rhesus macaque primates.MethodsRetinal sections or flatmounts from Arl13b-Cetn2 tg transgenic mice were immunostained for cell markers (Pax6, Sox9, Chx10, Calbindin, Calretinin, ChaT, GAD67, Prox1, TH, and vGluT3) and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Primate retinal sections were immunostained for ciliary and cell markers (Pax6 and Arl13b). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and ERGs were used to assess visual function of Vift88 mice.ResultsDuring different stages of mouse postnatal eye development, we found that cilia are present in Pax6-positive amacrine cells, which were also observed in primate retinas. The cilia of subtypes of amacrine cells in mice were shown by immunostaining and electron microscopy. We also removed primary cilia from vGluT3 amacrine cells in mouse and found no significant vision defects. In addition, cilia were present in the outer limiting membrane, suggesting that a population of Müller glial cells forms cilia.ConclusionsWe report that several subpopulations of amacrine cells in inner nuclear layers of the retina form cilia during early retinal development in mice and primates. |
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Keywords: | amacrine cell ARL13B eye Mü ller glia Pax6 primary ciliary retina VGLUT3 |
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