重庆市永川地区50岁以上人群中青光眼患病率调查

目的 调查重庆市永川地区50岁以上人群中青光眼的患病率.方法 选取2005年4～6月采用分层整群随机抽样法在永川地区行青光眼调查.在该地区城区、近郊、远郊,抽取29个抽样自然村或居委会,每一位≥50岁受检者接受了问卷调查、视力和一般眼部检查外,以VanHerick法测量周边前房深度,用Perkins手持压平眼压计测量眼压,用直接眼底镜检查眼底,主要观察视乳头,包括杯/盘比,杯盘比差,横竖径,盘沿切迹及盘沿出血.结果 5938人完成了检查,受检率85.19%.青光眼的患病率为3.55%.其中原发性闭角性青光眼患病率为2.49%,且随年龄增加而增加,女性明显高于男性,文化程度低的明显高于文化程度高的,三者差异均有统计学意义.原发性开角型青光眼患病率为0.86%,继发性青光眼患病率为0.20%.在青光眼患者中,仅有2例双眼视力≥0.3,有209例有视功能损害.其中单眼低视力8例,双眼低视力4例,单眼肓168例,双眼盲29例.结论 重庆永川地区城乡人口中青光眼总患病率较1996年北京顺义地区高,原发性闭角型青光眼仍是该地区主要青光眼类型.青光眼患者的眼球摘除率和盲目率高,与永川地区经济和文化和教育程度等社会因素有关.通过筛查对前房≤1/4角膜厚度的人群密切随访或干预治疗可以降低青光眼的致盲率.

Prevalence of glaucoma among adults aged 50 years or above in Yongchuan district of Chongqing

Objective To estimate the prevalence of glaucoma among adults aged 50 years or above in Yongchnan district of Chongqing.Metheds Stratified cluster sampling was used in randomly selecting to estimate the prevalence of glaucoma in Yongchuan district, from April to June, 2005.There were 29 villages or neighborhood committees which were randomly selected in urban area (Zhongshan Road), rurban area(Shan-jiao town)and exurb area(Zhutuo town)of this district.All the subjects aged ≥ 50 years were requested to com-plete a questionnaire and then received the visual acuity, general eye examination and the other examinations included peripheral depth of the anterior chamber (Van Heriek' s Method), intraocluar pressure(IOP)measure-ment with a portable mechanical applanation tonometer (Perkins tonometer), clinical assessment of the optic disk (including the cup-disc ratio、cup/disc asymmetries, horizontal and vertical diameter, notching and optic disc hemorrhages)which was performed with direct ophthalmoscopy.Results The examinations about glau-coma were finished in 5938 individuals.The reponse rate was 86.77%.In this population,the prevalence of glau-coma was 3.55%.The prevalence of the primary angle closure glaucoma was 2.49%, which increased with age significantly and was significantly higher in female population than male population.The prevalence of the pri-mary angle closure glaucoma was compared in different educational level, the lower the educational level, the higher the prevalence, there was significant difference.The prevalence of the primary open angle glaucoma and the secondary glaucoma was 0.86% and 0.20% respectively.There were only two subjects whose visual acuity was no less than 0.3 in this population.The visual function was damaged in 209 glaucoma patients, 8 were de-tected as low vision, 4 bilateral low vision, 168 unilateral blindness and 29 bilateral blindness cases.Conclu-sions The prevalence was higher in Yongchuan district of Chongqing than Shunyi district of Beijing in 1996, and the primary angle closure glaucoma was the main type of glaucoma in this district.The large proportion of enucleation of eyeball and blindness in the subjects of Yongchuan district was related to the social factors such as economy, culture, educational level and so on.The blincless cases of glaucoma patients will be reduced if we can follow-up closely and manage early through glaucoma screening programs for the subjects whose peripher-al depth of the anterior chamber are≤1/4 corneal thickness.