汕头市2005～2010年儿童结核病流行病学与临床分析

目的调查分析儿童结核病在汕头市的流行、临床表现与治疗情况。方法收集近6年收住的出院诊断为结核病的患者病史,并进行重新评估,对符合诊断的123例患儿的临床资料作回顾性分析。结果结核病诊断率增加,以0～6岁年龄段发病率较高,占58.53%;36.58%有明显的结核病接触史,主要集中在6岁以下的儿童,传染源多为日常密切接触的家人;35.78%患儿结核菌素试验阴性,其结核类型主要为粟粒型肺结核、结核性脑膜炎等,中、重症结核病表现多见;结核病患儿中出现发热、咳嗽等症状者为50%左右。结论儿童结核病流行趋势严峻,结核病患儿的临床表现多样化,临床诊断手段匮乏,需要进一步加强研究。

The clinical epidemiological characteristics of pediatric tuberculosis in Shantou from 2005 to 2010

Objectives To retrospectively investigate the epidemiology and incidence of tuberculosis of children in a tuberculosis specialist hospital in Shantou,and to further study the characteristics of tuberculosis on epidemiology,clinical manifestation in children.Methods Clinical data of 123 children with tuberculosis were reviewed by 6 years.Results The incidence was highest in patients aged between 0~6 years（8.53%）,36.58% had contact with patients with active tuberculosis,most of them were the children younger than 6 years.The sources of the infection were the parents and relatives.PPD test was negative in 35.78% of the severely infected patients,such as miliary tuberculosis,tuberculous meningitis.Only half of the patients developed fever and cough.Conclusion The prevalence of tuberculosis in children is still high,and their clinical manifestations could be atypical.Diagnosis of tuberculosis requires methods with higher specificity and sensitivity.