The relationship between ultraprocessed food consumption and obesity indicators in Iranian adults |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;2. Food and Drug Deputy, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran;3. Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;4. Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia;5. Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;6. Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;1. Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico;2. Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico;3. Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico;1. Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;3. Consultant Haematologist and Senior Lecturer, Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Clinical Science, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Nigeria;4. Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;5. Pediatrics Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Children''s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;6. Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;7. Department of Biorepository, Biomedical Research Administration, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;8. College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;9. College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA;1. 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital, Pilsen, Czech Republic;2. Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty of Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic;3. Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles, University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic;4. Laboratory of Immunochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital, Pilsen, Czech Republic;1. Center for Chronic Disease Control, Nanshan, Shenzhen, PR China;2. Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, GuangZhou, PR China;3. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, GuangZhou, PR China;4. Department of Health Management, Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing, PR China;5. School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, PR China;1. Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;3. Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran |
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| Abstract: | Background and aimsFood processing changes the nature of foods, and it is growing globally due to its availability and affordability and its effects on the palatability of foods. Consumption of ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) may adversely affect weight gain.The purpose of the current study is to examine the association between UPFs consumption and adiposity among Iranian adults.Methods and resultsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 1459 Iranian adults (≥19 years). Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated 136-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and foods were classified based on the NOVA system. Overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity were defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥25 and < 30, ≥30, respectively, and waist circumference (WC) ≥91 for women and WC ≥ 89 for men. The odds of general and abdominal obesity across the quartiles of UPFs were assessed by binary logistic regression.UPFs consumption contributed to 20.17% of daily energy intake. After adjustment for potential confounders, UPFs consumption was not associated with general or abdominal obesity. However, in the fully adjusted model, men in the top quartile of UPFs were twice as likely to be overweight compared with those in the bottom quartile (OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.03, 4.10; P = 0.047). No association was found in women or stratified analysis by age.ConclusionThe present findings suggest a sex-specific association between UPFs consumption and overweight. UPFs consumption might be associated with an increased risk of overweight in men, but no such association was found in women. Future cohort studies are required to confirm these results. |
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| Keywords: | Ultraprocessed food (UPF) Obesity Body weight Abdominal obesity Adiposity |
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