The dietary and lifestyle indices of insulin resistance are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases: A prospective study among an Iranian adult population |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;3. Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;1. Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;3. Consultant Haematologist and Senior Lecturer, Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Clinical Science, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Nigeria;4. Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;5. Pediatrics Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Children''s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;6. Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;7. Department of Biorepository, Biomedical Research Administration, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;8. College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;9. College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA;1. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece;2. School of Medicine Sydney, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, Australia;3. First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece;4. School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK;5. Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia;1. Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico;2. Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico;3. Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico;1. Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, via Corriera 1, 48033, Cotignola RA, Italy;2. Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, via Aldo Moro 8, 44124, Ferrara, Italy;1. Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;3. Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;4. Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;5. Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran |
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| Abstract: | Background and aimsPrevious studies have introduced insulin resistance (IR) as a major risk factor for poor cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) outcomes. Diet, body weight, and physical activity are three key pillars of lifestyle that can significantly impact the IR status. We aimed to assess the possible link between the empirical dietary index for IR (EDIR) and the empirical lifestyle index for IR (ELIR) with the risk of chronic heart disease (CHD) and CVDs.Methods and resultsThis study was conducted on 4980 participants aged ≥30 years (follow-up rate: 99.85%). Dietary intake data was collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals (HRs and 95% CIs) of CVDs and CHD across tertiles of EDIR and ELIR scores. In the final model, after adjusting for all potential confounding variables, participants in the highest tertile of EDIR had a higher risk of CVD (HR:1.36, 95%CI:1.03–1.80, P-trend = 0.016) and CHD (HR:1.36, 95% CI:1.01–1.83, P-trend = 0.023) compared to the lowest tertile. Also, participants with a higher score of ELIR had a higher risk of CVD (HR: 1.64, 95%CI:1.24–2.16, P-trend=<0.001) and CHD (HR: 1.72, 95%CI:1.28–2.32, P-trend=<0.001).ConclusionA greater adherence to the lifestyle and diet with a higher EDIR and ELIR may be associated with an increased risk of CVD and CHD outcomes in the adult population. |
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| Keywords: | EDIR ELIR Diet Lifestyle Cardiovascular diseases Coronary heart diseases |
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