Understanding the role of vitamin A and its precursors in the immune system |
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Institution: | 1. Trakya University, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, 22030 Edirne, Turkey;2. Marmara University, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, 34854 Istanbul, Turkey;1. Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital, Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, China;2. Department of Hepatobiliry and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital, Xiangya Medical College CSU, China;1. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan;2. Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan;3. Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan;4. Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan;5. Department of Public Health & Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan;1. Department of Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, China;2. College of nursing, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, 3 Xing yuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei Province, China;1. Laboratory of Biology and Health, Research Unit: Human Nutrition, URAC 34, Faculty of sciences Ben Msik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Avenue Cdt Driss El Harti, B.P 7955, Sidi Othmane, 20660 Casablanca, Morocco;2. Faculty of medecine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, UM6SS, Casablanca, Morocco;3. Faculty of Health and Social, Chester University, Parkgate Road, Chester/CH1 4BJ, Chester, United Kingdom |
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Abstract: | Vitamin A is the first defined vitamin and is also known as an anti-inflammatory micronutrient. Although the primary biological function is preservation of epithelial tissue integrity, vision and growth, vitamin A also plays a role in immune system regulation. It is known that susceptibility to infections increases in developing countries due to vitamin A deficiency. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to evaluate the role of vitamin A on the immune system in line with current studies. In this review, we focused on the immunobiological effects of vitamin A and its precursors. Vitamin A refers to retinoids and carotenoids, but both function in the body through the most active form, all trans retinoic acid. All trans retinoic acid has the highest affinity of nuclear retinoic acid receptor. Reports from in-vivo and in-vitro studies shown that the formation of retinoic acid/retinoic acid receptor complex is important in the generation of innate and adaptive immune cell response. In addition to immune cell response, vitamin A also plays an important role in mucus secretion, morphological formation and functional maturation of epithelial cells. In this way, vitamin A appears to contribute to immune development by regulating immune cell response and providing mechanistic defense. Vitamin A has received particular attention in recent years as the vitamin have been shown to have a crucial effect on the immune response. Although more randomized controlled studies are needed, data from observational human studies have shown that vitamin A is associated with infectious, inflammatory, allergic diseases and cancers. |
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Keywords: | Retinol Retinoic acid Carotenoid Immune system |
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