骨转移瘤的误诊分析

目的 提高对骨转移瘤的认识，降低骨转移瘤的误诊率。方法 通过对骨转移瘤的发生机制、发病率、好发部位、骨转移瘤来自非骨原发肿瘤的顺序、监床表现与诊断方法等的认识，并对临床工作中5例被误诊为骨转移瘤病例长期随访结果进行分析。结果 5例均获得远期随访，24～96个月（平均57.6个月），患者生活良好。例1、2为肺癌与前列腺癌，未见肿瘤复发与骨转移。例4、5为脊柱结核，病情稳定，病灶修复。例3为L3S1椎间盘炎。分析误诊的原因为读片未能很好地结合临床全面考虑；对先进影像检查所见缺乏经验，认识不足。结论 大多数骨转移瘤通过详细分析病史、临床表现及影像学检查可以明确诊断。X线检查、核素全身骨扫描、CT、MR等先进诊断技术对诊断骨转移瘤有重要作用。先进的影像检查技术敏感性强，特异性较差，但仍可从中找出诊断的规律，相互补充，提高诊断正确率。此外，新的核素鹰眼系统及MR弥散加权像可提高对老年良性（如骨质疏松）与恶性（如骨转移瘤）椎体压缩性骨折的鉴别诊断。

Analysis of misdiagnosis of bone metastatic tumor

Objective To promote more understanding of bone metastasis and reduce the misdiag-nostic rate of bone metastatic tumor.Methods The mechanism of skeletal metastasis,the spreading pathway of tumor to bone,its frequency and distribution of skeletal metastasis,as well as relative frequency of primary malignant tumor,clinical features,diagnosis and differential diagnosis with bone metastastic tumor were re-viewed.Five misdiagnosed cases as bone metastasis were presented.Results Five cases of patients were ob-tained post-longer time of follow-up examination,ranging from24to96months(average57.6months).Case1was carcinoma of lung,and case2carcinoma of prostatic gland,both were living and well.Case4and case5were tuberculosis of lumbar spine,their conditions were stable and satisfied.A lesion of lum-bo sacral disc in case3was found and diagnosed as infection and kept stable without any back and extremities pain since first attack of disease.The causes of misdiagnosis were analyzed.Conclusion Meticulous review of the history and clinical features as well as proper explanation of the supplemental data from plain X-ray,bone scintigraphy,CT and MRI findings are essential for diagnosis of majority of bone metastatic tumor.Al -though such new imaging devices(as bone scintigraphy,CT and MRI )possess a high sensitivity for early detection of bone metastasis,yet with a poor specificity,hence orthopaedic surgeon have to catch hold of proper understanding about new imaging techniques.In difficult and doubtful cases,the bone biopsy under CT guiding may be needed,the radioisotopic Hawkeye system and diffusion weighted MR imaging are rec-ommended for differential diagnosis of senile acute benign(e.g.osteoporosis)and malignant (e.g.metastasis)vertebral body com pressive fracture.