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Mortality rate and causes of deaths among children below five years
Authors:P. V. Gulati
Affiliation:(1) New Delhi
Abstract:Summary A survey of mortality in children under the age of five years was undertaken from 1st April 1963 to 31st March 1964 in a semi-urban area of Delhi by fortnightly home visits. It was found that the overall mortality rate under the age of 5 years was 66/1000 per year with an infant mortality rate of 120/1000 per year. The mortality in females (11..4/1000 was much higher than that of males (29.3/1000) which may be due to the value attached to the two sexes. Various hospital studies show that attendance of male children in hospitals in this age group is much higher than that of females, which indicates that sickness in male children is taken more seriously as compared to females. The four leading causes of death were diarrhoea, measles, pneumonia and prematurity. The first out of these four causes are preventable if proper and timely preventive and curative measures are instituted. It was further observed that all deaths due to diarrhoea occurred in summer and autumn and most of the deaths due to pneumonia occurred in winter. Mortality due to diarrhoea was maximum in infants from 6–12 months of age. It was interesting to note that 94% of mortality occurred in the first three years of life, of which 59% took place in the first year, 23.5% in the second year and 11.7% in the third year. Analysis of mortality data by economic status of the family, occupation of the father, literacy level of the father and birth order of the child is also presented in the paper. From the Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-16.
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