广西45年狂犬病疫情动态与防制效果分析

广西地处亚热带地区，是全国狂犬病高发地区之一。据历年疫情统计，４５年（１９５１～１９９６年）共发病１１２１３人，发病率波动在０．０３～２．４６／１０万，年平均发病率０．１３／１０万，其中５０年代，６０年代、７０年代平均发病率分别为０．０９／１０万、０．７２／１０万、０．９２／１０万；８０年代为狂犬病高峰期，仅以１９８１年，发病８８７人，发病率２．４６／１０万。自１９８５年始，连续多年对家犬采取“管、免、灭”与暴露人群疫苗免疫等综合措施，具体为:在犬群中建立免疫屏障，家犬免疫覆盖率在８５％时人发病率下降５３％；尚未开展犬免疫地区，则人狂犬病上升１２．０％；对暴露人群的主要措施:伤口处理、疫苗注射、保护率达８６．０％，由于保障疫苗需用量（大幅度增加），由１９８０年的３．６万人份增到１９９６年的５０万份。到１９９５年狂犬病发病人数下降到（２４人）发病率０．０４／１０万，降低到历年来最低水平，说明了多年的防治措施已初见成效。从另一方面来看，１９９６年发病人数由１９９５年的２４人，上升到５０人，为上１年的２倍以上，提示我们狂犬病疫情有回升的趋势，必须引起高度重视。

Epidemic Status and Evaluation on the Effects of Control of Rabies in Guangxi during the past 45 Years

cases of rabies were notified in Guangxi Autonomous Region during the past 45 years(1951～1996). The morbidities were fluctuated in 0.03～2.46 per 106.The average morbidies in 50,60,and 70 were 0.09/106,0.72/106 and 0.92/106 respectively. The highest was in 80 ′.Only in 1981the case number was 887 and the morbidity was 2.46/106. Since 1985,human morbidity was decreased 53% after the comprehensive control measure was carried out including managing, immunization, killing dogs and the coverage in hu-man was over 85%. But the morbidity was increased 12% in those areas where the measure was not taken. The human morbidity was increased to the historical lowest Level that was 0.04/106(24 cases) in whole province in 1995. But the case number was increased to 50 in 1996,it was twice the number of 1955. The authors suggested that the related authorities should take more attentiou to this phenomenom.