人工晶体材料的生物相容性特征

背景：白内障患者植入不同材料人工晶体治疗后的视力恢复情况和并发症有所不同，选择适宜的人工晶体材料是研究的关键。目的：探讨人工晶体材料的特征和生物相容性。方法：按人工晶体的硬度和植入后不同位置将材料进行分类，分析各种人工晶体的优缺点，指导患者选择适宜的人工晶体植入治疗。对目前常用的人工晶体生物材料的特征以及材料的生物相容性进行评价。结果与结论：聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯人工晶体是硬性材料的首选，但不能耐受高温高压消毒。丙烯酸酯人工晶体具有与聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯相似的光学和生物学特性，属于软性可折叠式人工晶体，植入后可以有效提高患者视力，并发症较少。后囊膜混浊是最重要的生物相容性评价指标，与人工晶体的材料和设计有关，人工晶体在囊袋的稳定性也是生物相容性的体现指标。在人工晶体材料的设计和选择上应充分的考虑材料的特性、生物相容性、植入后视功能等方面性能。保证人工晶体植入后的疗效，减少并发症的发生，使白内障患者获得视力的康复。

BiocompaUbility of intraocular lens materials

BACKGROUND： The visual recovery and complications of the cataract patients are various after different intraocular lens materials implantation, so the selection of appropriate intraocular lens materials is the key of the research. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the properties and biocompatibility of intraocular lens materials. METHODS： The materials were classified according to the hardness and location of the intraocular lens after implantation in order to analyze the pros and cons of the intraocular lens thus guiding the patients to select the appropriate intraocular lens for implantation. The properties and biocompatibility of the commonly used intraocular lens materials were eva~uated. RESUTLS AND CONCLUSION： Polymethylmethacryiate intraocular lens is the first choice of rigid material, but it cannot tolerate autoclaving, Acrylic intraocular lens is the soft and foldable intraocular lens that has the similar optical and biological properties with polymethylmethacrylate intraocular lens, and it can improve the visual acuity after implantation with less complications. Posterior capsular opacification is the most important indicator for biocompatibility evaluation which is related with the material and design of intraocular lens. The stability of intraocular lens in the capsular bag is also the indicator to evaluate the biocompatibility. The material properties, biocompatibility, and visual function should be taking into consideration in the design and selection of intraocular lens materials. Guarantee the efficacy after intraocular lens implantation and reduce the incidence of complications, so that to get vision rehabilitation for the cataract patients.