生物型与骨水泥型人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨颈骨折

背景：随着人工关节材料、工艺及技术的成熟和发展，人工股骨头置换治疗股骨颈骨折尤其是老年患者有移位的股骨颈骨折日渐普及。目的：观察生物型与骨水泥型人工股骨头置换治疗合并心脏病老年性股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法：选择2004年1月至2009年12月天津疗养院骨科中心收治合并心脏病的股骨颈骨折患者35例，其中合并心绞痛型冠心病16例，心肌梗死型冠心病8例，无症状冠心病8例，缺血性心肌病冠心病3例。18例采用生物型人工股骨头置换，17例采用骨水泥型人工股骨头置换。结果与结论：35例患者除1例在术中死亡外，34例均获得随访，随访时间836个月，置换过程中出现3例并发症均为骨水泥型组，其中1例在手术过程中经抢救无效死亡，2例在置换过程中血压下降，呼吸困难，经过抢救后生命特征恢复正常。在随访过程中发现生物型组中2例骨质疏松较严重的患者有部分假体下沉，生物型组优良率89％（16／18），骨水泥型组优良率94％（16／17），提示对于合并严重心脏病的患者适合运用生物型人工股骨头置换，而有骨质疏松的患者适合运用骨水泥型人工股骨头置换。

Biotype and bone cement-type artificial femoral head replacement for the treatment of femoral neck fracture in elderly patients

BACKGROUND： With the maturity and development of artificial joint materials, processes and technology artificial femoral head replacement has been widely used for the treatment of femoral neck fracture, especially the elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fracture. OBJECTIVE： To observe the clinical efficacy of biotypes and cementless artificial femoral head replacement for the treatment of elderly femoral neck fracture combined with heart disease.METHODS： Thirty-five elderly femoral neck fracture patients with heart disease treated in the Department of Orthopedic Center, Tianjin Nursing Home from January 2004 to December 2009 were selected, including 16 cases of coronary heart disease combined with angina pectoris, eight cases of myocardial infarction coronary heart disease, eight cases of asymptomatic coronary heart disease and three cases of ischemic cardiomyopathy and coronary heart disease. And 18 cases were treated with biotypes artificial femoral head replacement, 17 cases were treated with cementless artificial femoral head replacement. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： One of the 35 patients was dead in the surgery, other 34 cases were followed-up for 8 to 36 months. Throe cases of complications occurred in surgery were belongs to cementless group, and one patient died during surgery, two cases had to drop in blood pressure and suffered from difficulty breathing in surgery, whose life characteristics returned to normal after efforts to save. In the follow-up process, part of the prosthesis implanted in the two cases of patients with severe osteoporosis appears sinking in the biotype group, the excellent rate of biotype group was 89%（16/18）, and the cementless group was 94%（16/17）. It suggests that biotype artificial femoral head replacement is suitable for the patients with severe heart disease, while the cementless artificial femoral head replacement is suitable for osteoporosis patients.