眼固视成分分离的研究现状及应用进展

背景：研究表明，固视期间的眼动，不仅包含了来自神经系统的噪声信号，而且包含认知加工的信息，固视成分及其功能的研究也日益引起重视。目的：综述固视成分分离的研究现状及进展。方法：分别以“visualfixation，fixationaleyemovement，tremor．drifts，microsaccades”为关键词，利用计算机检索1980至2012年PebMed数据库，并使用Google学术进行相关文献搜索，以及参考相应专著，排除内容重复、无关及缺乏原创性的文献，保留64篇文献做进一步分析。结果与结论：固视是个体的眼睛保持对准被观察物体的一种现象，伴随有微颤、漂移和微跳视3种眼动成分，它们是维持视知觉的重要条件。近年来，研究者针对固视3种成分对视知觉的贡献进行了探讨，主要包括防止知觉消退和对视觉系统进行纠错两种观点。目前，研究者通过对眼动速度阈限的估计来分离微跳视成分。未来的研究可以从固视眼动的神经生理基础以及神经活动的记录技术和视网膜固定技术的提高等方面展开，从而加深对固视眼动现象的理解。

Research and application progress of visual fixation component separation

BACKGROUND： Studies have shown the eye movement during visual fixation not only includes the noise signal from the nervous system, but also contains the information of cognitive processing. Fixationcomponents and their functions attracted attention increasingly. OBJECTIVE： To review the research progress and its present situation of visual fixation component separation METHODS： We retrieved the articles in PebMed database and Google Scholar with the computer using the key words of ＂visual fixation, fixational eye movement, tremor, drifts, micro saccades＂. And we also made a reference to some corresponding monograph. The articles with repeated, unconcerned or obsolete contents were eliminated, and 64 articles were included in the final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Visual fixation is a phenomenon of human visual perception in which the individual is maintaining gaze in a stationary object. There are three types of eye movement during fixation： tremor, drifts and micro saccades, and they are vital for maintenance of visibility. Recently, discussions are focused on the contribution of these three eye movements on the visual perception, mainly including preventing fading and visual system correction. In addition, micro saccades can be sharply separated by computing the estimator of eye movement velocity thresholds. Further researches on the neurophysiological basis of fixational eye movements and the development of techniques, especially the recording of neural activity and the retinal stabilization methods, will deepen our understanding of the phenomenon of visual fixation.