组织深低温冻存中保护剂的应用

背景：深低温冻存可以使离体组织的活性及功能最大限度的保留，对医学研究、临床治疗起到巨大能动作用。但在复合组织深低温冻存中，保护剂及应用还存在着很多问题有待解决。目的：综述近年国内外深低温冻存中保护剂应用的研究进展。方法：第一作者应用计算机检索2003年1月至2012年12月PubMed数据库、中国期刊全文数据』万方数据库相关文章，英文检索词为“cryopreservation，cryoprotectant，compositetissues，vitrificatiion,transplantation”；中文检索词为“深低温保存，保护剂，复合组织，玻璃化，移植”。共检索到1篇相关文献，67篇文献符合纳入标准。结果与结论：自上世纪开始国内外许多学者经过大量动物细胞和组织的基础实验研究，不断探寻各科胞组织的冻存方法，采用了多种多样的冻存技术，使用的保护剂种类繁多，取得一定的研究成果，发保护剂的应用在深低温组织冻存中起到了至关重要的作用，深低温冻存在组织工程、生殖医学、移植领域已有广泛的应用。但目前复合组织深低温冻存保护剂的应用尚处于研究阶段，保护剂的种类、浓以及导入洗脱方法均直接影响最终组织保存的成败。

Cryoprotectant used in tissue cryopreservation

BACKGROUND： Cryopreservation can preserve the activity and function of the in vitro tissues in the greatest degree, which create the enormous push and facilitation effect in medical research and clinical treatment. But in the composite tissue cryopreservation, there also has many problems in the application of cryoprotectant waiting for solve. OBJECTIVE： To review the domestic and foreign research progress in the application of cryoprotectant in tissue cryopreservation METHODS： The PubMed database, Chinese journal full-text database and Wanfang database were searched by the first author for the literatures published from January 2003 to December 2012. The key words were ＂cryopreservation, cryoprotectant, composite tissues, vitrification, transplantation＂ in Chinese and English. Totally 143 relevant literatures were collected, and 56 of them were in accordance with the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Since the beginning of the last century, domestic and overseas experts have made great efforts on the research of tissue cryopreservation through a lot of fundamental experimental researches of animal cells and tissues, and variety of cryopreservation techniques and various cryoprotectants were applied and obtained a certain achievements, it found that the application of cryoprotectant played a crucial role in tissue cryopreservation. Cryopreservation is widely applied in some domains, such as tissue engineering, reproductive medicine and transplantation field. But at present, the application of cryoprotectant in composite tissue cryopreservation is still under studying in laboratory. The types and concentrations of cryoprotectant, as well as the addition and elution process can directly determine the ultimate success of cryopreservation.