血管内支架材料特点与缺血性脑卒中的治疗效果

背景：新型血管内支架材料是目前脑血管疾病介入治疗的研究热点.目的：分析血管内支架材料学特征及缺血性脑卒中治疗效果.方法：第一作者于2012年12月应用计算机检索数据库的相关文章,中文检索词为“缺血性脑卒中;血管内支架;支架材料;介入治疗”,检索时间范围在2003至2012年,共检索到相关文献120篇,符合纳入标准并用于分析的文献24篇.结果与结论：①金属裸支架在血液中长期存放有腐蚀、金属离子溶出和凝血性等现象,为解决金属材料存在的问题,可以通过金属支架表面改性来处理,提高金属材料的血液相溶性.②药物支架是将治疗药物涂于支架表面,使药物能够持续并高浓度的释放,防止支架置入后再狭窄.③覆膜血管内支架是在金属支架外表覆以可降解或不可降解的聚合物薄膜,抑制血管内皮增生,对血管平滑肌细胞具有良好的生物相容性,可以预防血管支架置入后再狭窄.血管内支架治疗可以降低缺血性脑卒中的风险,是一种安全有效的治疗手段,同时还可以改善缺血性脑病患者的认知功能障碍.基因及细胞种植支架材料在防治脑血管介入后再狭窄方面也具有一定优势,是血管内支架材料研究的新方向.

Features of endovascular stent materials and their therapeutic effects on ischemic stroke

BACKGROUND： Novel endovascular stent materials have become the research hot spot in the treatment of ischemic stroke. OBJECTIVE： To analyze the features of endovascular stent materials and the treatment effect on ischemic stroke. METHODS： Related databases were searched by the first author with computer at December 2012 for the related articles published from 2003 to 2012. The Chinese key words were ＂ischemic stroke, endovascular stent, stent material, interventional treatment＂. A total of 120 articles were screened out, and 24 articles were included for the final review according to the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Long-term storage of bare-metal stents in the blood may lead to corrosion, metal ions dissolution and coagulation; the surface modification of the metal material could be used to solve the problem of metal material storage in order to improve the blood compatibility of the metal materials. Therapeutic drugs were coated on the surface of stent which can help the drugs release with high concentration continuously, and this method can inhibit restenosis after stent implantation. Film-covered endovascular stent was covered with degradable or non-degradable polymer films on the surface of metal stent in order to inhibit the vascular endothelial proliferation and restenosis after stent implantation, and the film-covered endovascular stent could promote the biocompatibility of vascular smooth muscle cells. Endovascular stent is a safe and effective treatment method to reduce the risk of ischemic stroke, and it can also improve the cognitive dysfunction of the patients with ischemic encephalopathy. Gene and cel cultivation scaffold material has certain advantages in the prevention and treatment of restenosis after vascular intervention, which is the new direction for the research of endovascular stent materials.