中国城市地区成年人二手烟暴露水平及相关知识和态度调查

目的 了解中国城市地区成年人二手烟暴露水平及其相关知识态度.方法 利用全球成人烟草调查中国调查(GATS)、国际烟草控制政策评估项目中国调查(ITC)中有关二手烟暴露、禁烟规定、二手烟相关知识态度的变量,使用SAS软件计算率及其95％CI.结果 2项调查中调查对象报告的工作场所室内全面禁烟的比例均低于40％.调查对象报告在餐厅看到吸烟现象比例在各类场所中最高(83.4％ ～ 95.6％),其次为工作场所(53.3％ ～ 84.0％),在医疗卫生机构、学校、公共交通工具看到吸烟现象的比例较低.GATS调查中60.6％的吸烟者和68.5％的非吸烟者知晓二手烟导致肺癌,但只有三分之一的调查对象知晓二手烟导致成年人心脏病.ITC调查对象对二手烟危害的知晓率高于GATS,但知晓二手烟导致成年人心脏病的比例仅有58.2％.ITC调查对象对学校、出租车、医院、政府机构全面禁烟的支持率较高(＞70％),但对工作场所全面禁烟的支持率仅有50.9％和60.9％.结论 中国城市地区室内工作场所全面禁烟的比例较低,二手烟暴露情况严重,公众对二手烟危害的认识以及对工作场所全面禁烟的支持率有待提高.

Degree of exposure to secondhand smoking and related knowledge,attitude among adults in urban China

Objective To identify the levels of exposure to second-hand smoking (SHS) among Chinese adults living in the urban areas and their knowledge on the risks of SHS,to support for the Smoke-free policy. Methods Data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) and the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation China Survey (ITC China Survey) was analyzed and SAS was used to calculate the rates and 95%CI. Results In the two surveys,less than 40% of the respondents reported that their workplaces had completely stopped smoking. Participants who reported that they had seen people smoking at various public places with different rates,also they could reflect the levels to SHS exposure. Restaurants were the venue with the heaviest overall exposure (83.4%-95.6%),followed by the workplace (53.3%-84.0%). Exposure was low in health facilities,schools and public transport venues. In the GATS survey,60.6% smokers and 68.5% non-smokers believed that SHS could cause lung cancer,but only one-third of the participants believed that SHS could cause heart diseases in adults. Participants in the ITC China survey reported a comparatively higher level of awareness on the harm of SHS,but only 58.2% smokers believed that SHS could cause heart diseases in adults. Overall,data from the ITC China survey showed that participants'' support for a comprehensive smoke-free policy in schools,health-related facilities,government buildings and in taxi were high (over 70%). However,the proportion of participants supporting comprehensive smoking-free policy at workplaces (50.9%-60.9%) was relatively low. Conclusion The proportion of indoor workplaces with complete smoking ban was low in urban areas but levels to SHS exposure were high. People''s awareness of harms related to SHS and their attitude on setting up a comprehensive smoke-free workplace need to be improved.