益生菌调控mTORC1信号通路干预骨质疏松的相关研究进展

骨质疏松症是一个世界性难题，已成为一种常见的慢性骨骼疾病，全世界>2亿患者受其影响。其主要特征是骨密度和骨质量的进行性下降，以及骨微结构的破坏。目前，益生菌在治疗骨质疏松方面表现出光明的前景，基本无副作用，具有价格低廉、易普及、效果显著的优点，未来有可能成为治疗骨质疏松的特殊选择。但是，关于益生菌治疗骨质疏松的具体机制尚不十分明确。哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白复合物1（mTORC1）普遍存在于人体细胞中，控制着许多细胞的生长过程。mTORC1与骨质疏松关系密切，成为调节成骨细胞和破骨细胞生长与繁殖的主要效应物。益生菌可通过调节体内多种信号因子水平来调控mTORC1信号通路，从而发挥抗骨质疏松的重要作用，了解益生菌干预骨质疏松的相关信号通路将有助于关注未来的研究方向，帮助制订有效的治疗策略。

Research progress on probiotics protecting against osteoporosis through mTORC1 signaling pathway

Osteoporosis is a worldwide problem and has become a common chronic skeletal disease, affecting more than 200 million individuals in the world. Its main characteristics are progressive decrease of bone mineral density and quality, and destruction of bone microstructures. At present, probiotics show bright prospects in the treatment of osteoporosis. They are almost free of side effects, cheap, easy to popularize and have remarkable effects, which may render it a special choice for the treatment of osteoporosis in the future. However, the specific mechanism of probiotics in the treatment of osteoporosis is not very clear. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex-1 (mTORC1) is ubiquitous in human cells and controls the basic growth process of many cells. Recent studies have found that mTORC1 is closely related to osteoporosis and has become the main effector that regulates the growth and reproduction of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Probiotics can regulate the mTORC1 signaling pathway by impacting the levels of various signaling factors in vivo, thus playing an important role in anti-osteoporosis. Understanding the relevant signaling pathways involved in the process of probiotics protecting against the osteoporosis will help to guide the direction of future research and formulate effective strategies for the treatment of osteoporosis.