全科住院医师规范化培训中“双导师制”的实施现况分析

目的 探讨全科住院医师规范化培训中“双导师制”的实施情况,为进一步完善“双导师制”提供依据.方法 2013年5-6月对53名临床与社区导师和48名受训全科住院医师进行问卷调查,研究“双导师制”实施情况.结果 53名导师基本认同开展导师制的必要性,认为其非常有效和具有一定成效的临床导师、社区导师与住院医师分别占82.8％（24/29）、95.8％ （23/24）和89.6％（43/48）,主要体现在住院医师的临床、科研与沟通能力提高、顺利通过各项考核等方面.但对导师的责任及义务十分清楚的临床（13/29）与社区（11/24）导师均不足50％,93.1％（27/29）的临床导师和95.8％（23/24）的社区导师希望接受导师制相关培训课程.师生联系中均以导师主动占多数,临床导师为72.4％（21/29）、社区导师为75.0％ （18/24）;75.9％ （22/29）的临床导师认为“住院医师不积极参与”是推行“双导师制”的主要障碍.导师对住院医师的指导内容主要集中在临床技能、科研方面及通过各项考核,指导方式主要为面谈、检查医疗文书质量和小讲课,仅有6.9％（2/29）的临床导师对住院医师进行门诊带教指导.83.3％ （40/48）的受训全科住院医师认为“导师对自身的责任与义务不明确”是推行“双导师制”的主要障碍.对于如何评价“双导师制”的成效,临床与社区导师均集中在住院医师考核成绩和住院医师评估两方面;对于目前使用的《导师/住院医师联系手册》,临床导师、社区导师和住院医师的评价均较低;87.5％（21/24）的社区导师认为“缺乏相应的激励机制”是推行“双导师制”的主要障碍.结论 “双导师制”在师生中均得到广泛认可,定期进行导师培训与建立有效的导师考核、评估机制是进一步完善“双导师制”的关键.

A survey on double-preceptor system in standardized residency training of general practitioners

Objective To survey the double-preceptor system in standardized residency training of general practitioners （GPs）.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 48 residents,53 clinical and community preceptors during May and June 2013.Results The preceptors mostly agree with the necessity to carry out double-preceptor system.82.8% （24/29） clinical preceptors,95.8% （23/24） community preceptors and 89.6% （43/48） residents considered that it was very effective.Less than half of the clinical（13/29） and community （11/24） preceptors knew very clearly about their responsibilities and obligations ; 93.1% （27/29） clinical preceptors and 95.8 % （23/24） community preceptors hoped to receive corresponding training courses.72.4% （21/29） clinical preceptors and 75.0% （18/24） community preceptors communicated with residents frequently,75.9% （22/29） clinical preceptors thought ＆quot;residents were not actively involved＆quot; was the main obstacle in the implementation of double-preceptor system.The guide contents were focused on clinical skills,scientific research and how to pass assessments.The main approaches were interviews,checking the quality of medical instruments and small lecture.Only 6.9% （2/29） clinical preceptors conducted outpatient teaching,83.3% （40/48）residents thought ＆quot;tutors did not knew clearly about their responsibilities and obligations＆quot; was the main obstacle in the practice of doublepreceptor system.Regarding how to evaluate the double-preceptor system,clinical and community preceptors tended to use examination results and feedback of residents.Clinical preceptors,community preceptors and residents all gave low comments about the preceptor-resident contact handbook.87.5% （21/24） community preceptors thought ＆quot;lack of corresponding incentive mechanisms＆quot; was the main obstacle in the practice of double-preceptor system.Conclusions Double-preceptor system has been widely recognized by both preceptors and students.In order