上海市农村外来务工人员吸烟者的尼古丁依赖状况调查

目的了解上海市农村外来务工吸烟者的尼古丁依赖程度及影响因素，为有效开展控烟工作提供科学依据。方法2012年7-10月，采用多阶段抽样方法，对上海市7个区5856名农村外来务工人员进行问卷调查。用尼古丁依赖评估量表（ FTND）评价尼古丁依赖程度，尼古丁依赖的相关因素采用logistic回归分析。结果外来务工者的吸烟率23.7％（1274/5380），吸烟者的平均FTND评分3.38±2.49，其中尼古丁高度依赖者和低度依赖者分别占21.7％（277/1274）和78.3％（997/1274），FTND评分分别为7.00±1.07和2.37±1.71。 logistic回归分析显示，影响外来务工吸烟者尼古丁依赖的因素为受教育程度、吸烟年限和外出务工时间。受教育程度低的吸烟者更容易出现尼古丁高度依赖，且随着教育程度的降低，尼古丁高度依赖的风险逐渐增加（以高中及以上者为对照，初中文化者OR＝1.742，小学及以下者OR＝1.994）；吸烟年限越长越容易出现尼古丁高度依赖（以吸烟年限5年及以下者为对照，吸烟年限6～10年者OR＝3.007，11～15年者OR＝4.076，16～20年者OR＝5.451，20年及以上者OR＝5.726）；外出务工时间3年以上者成为尼古丁高度依赖者的风险低（以外出时间1年以下者为对照，3～5年者OR＝0.602，5年以上者OR＝0.407）。结论上海市农村外来务工人员吸烟者中尼古丁高度依赖的比例较高，受教育程度、吸烟年限、外出务工时间是影响外来务工人员尼古丁依赖的主要因素。

Nicotine dependence among rural-to-urban migrant workers in Shanghai

Objective To explore the nicotine dependence levels and the influencing factors of dependence among rural-to-urban migrant workers in Shanghai so as to provide scientific rationales for an effective implementation of tobacco control.Methods Multi-stage randomized sampling was used to select a total of 5 856 rural-to-urban migrant workers from 7 districts in Shanghai.Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence （ FTND） and logistic regression model were used to analyze the association between nicotine dependence and relevant risk factors.Results The current smoking prevalence was 23.7%.The average FTND score for current smokers , high dependence and low dependence were 3.38 ±2.49, 7.00 ±1.07 and 2.23 ±1.71 respectively.The high and low dependence rates were 21.7% and 78.3%.The results of logistic regression showed that education , duration of smoking and length of migration were associated with nicotine dependence.Lower level of education was more prone to high nicotine dependence.Those with a lower education had a higher risk of nicotine dependence （ junior high school： OR=1.742, primary school or lower： OR =1.994 vs.senior high school or higher ）.High nicotine dependence increased with the duration of smoking （smoking 6-10 years：OR=3.007, 11-15 years：OR=4.076, 16-20 years：OR=5.451, 20 years or more：OR=5.726 vs.5 years or less）.Length of migration over 3 years was less likely to have a high nicotine dependence （3-5 years： OR=0.602, more than 5 years： OR=0.407 vs.〈1 year） .Conclusion The rate of high nicotine dependence is high among rural-to-urban migrant workers in Shanghai.Level of education , duration of smoking and length of migration are significant influencing factors of nicotine dependence.