宫内节育器对女性绝经后生殖系统健康的影响

以上海市闵行区户籍和常住人口中绝经后期妇女为研究对象，根据生育期使用的避孕方法分为宫内节育器、输卵管结扎组和对照组（体外排精），收集研究对象的相关信息，进行回顾性统计分析。共纳入对象2744例，其中宫内节育器组2253例，输卵管组202例，对照组289例。比尔指数宫内节育器组为1.08、输卵管结扎组为0.00、对照组为15.22。和对照组相比，宫内节育器可有效降低女性绝经后生殖系统良性疾病发病风险（χ^2＝67.51，P＝0.00，OR＝0.44，95％CI：0.32～0.59）。logistic回归表明有妊娠史（OR＝3.85），有生育史（OR＝0.52），生育期使用宫内节育器（OR＝0.48），输卵管结扎（OR＝1.74），避孕措施使用时间（OR＝0.99），避孕失败史（OR＝1.74）和计划生育手术史（ OR＝1.73）为绝经后生殖系统良性疾病的风险因素。宫内节育器作为高效避孕措施可降低绝经后女性生殖良性疾病发病风险。

The effect of intrauterine device application on post-menopausal reproductive health

To explore the potential effects of intrauterine device （ IUD） usage in reproductive ages on women′s postmenopausal reproductive health.Women in Shanghai Minhang district were enrolled and categorized into group Ⅰ（ IUD） , groupⅡ（ tubal ligation ） and control group （ external ejaculation ）.Their data were collected and analyzed retrospectively.A total of 2 744 women during postmenopausal period were enrolled （group Ⅰ=2 253, group Ⅱ=202, control =289）.Pearl index of each group was 1.08 （groupⅠ） , 0.00 （ group Ⅱ） and 15.22 （ control ） , respectively.Women with IUD usage in reproductive ages were less likely to develop reproductive benign diseases after menopause （χ^2 =67.51, P=0.00, OR=0.44, 95%CI：0.32-0.59）.Logistic regression indicated pregnancy history （OR=3.85）, child-bearing history （ OR =0.52 ） , IUD usage （ OR =0.48 ） , tubal ligation （ OR =1.74 ） , longer duration using contraceptive methods （ OR =0.99 ） , contraception failure （ OR =1.74 ） and family planning surgical procedures（OR=1.73） were risk factors for reproductive benign diseases after menopause.IUD utility in reproductive ages may reduce the risks of benign diseases in reproductive system for postmenopausal women .