高血压大鼠大小动脉血管重构的差异比较

目的:探讨自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)大、小动脉血管重构的差异。方法:以20周龄雄性SHR为实验组,同龄Wistar-Kyoto(WKY)大鼠为对照组。每周测量体重和血压,43周龄大鼠麻醉取血,留取胸主动脉和肠系膜小动脉组织。HE染色观察比较大、小动脉形态学变化,天狼星红-维多利亚蓝染色检测胶原纤维和弹力纤维变化,激光扫描共聚焦显微镜和Western blot分析Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白的表达,透射电子显微镜观察动脉超微结构变化,原位末端标记法(TUNEL)和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)检测评估血管壁细胞凋亡与增殖情况。结果:小动脉血管内径(ID)和血管腔横截面积(LCSA)减小,壁厚内径比(WT/ID)和壁腔横截面积比(WCSA/LCSA)增大,外膜成纤维细胞增殖并部分迁移,胶原增多,以III型胶原增多为主,血管壁细胞的增殖指数和凋亡指数增加;主动脉ID、LCSA、WT/ID和WCSA/LCSA均增大,中层血管平滑肌细胞(VSMCs)肥大增生明显,胶原增多,血管壁细胞的增殖指数和凋亡指数增加。结论:高血压大鼠大、小动脉血管重构差异明显,小动脉以基质增多,特别是外膜III型胶原蛋白增多为主,血管壁细胞凋亡增加;大动脉以血管壁细胞增生,特别是VSMCs增生、肥大为主。

Comparison of vascular remodeling between small artery and aorta in spontaneous hypertensive rats

AIM: To examine the difference of vascular remodeling between aorta and small artery in sponta-neous hypertensive rats (SHR) and control rats.METHODS: Male SHR (20-week-old) were used as experiment group, and age matched male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were used as control group. The systolic blood pressure and body weight were measured once a week. At 43 weeks old, the rats were anaesthetized, blood samples were collected, and thoracic aorta and mesenteric small artery tissue were harvested. The morphological changes of the arterial tissue were observed with HE staining. The collagen and elastine fibers were detected by the Sirius red-Victoria blue staining. The protein expression of type I and Ⅲ collagens were analyzed by confocal laser-scanning microscopy and Western blot. The changes of the vascular ultrastructure were imaged by transmission electron microscopy. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the cell apoptosis in the arterial wall were examined by immunohistochemical method and TdT-mediated dUTP nick and labeling (TUNEL) detection.RESULTS: The inner diameter (ID) and luminal cross-sectional area (LCSA) of mesenteric small artery were decreased, whereas ratio of wall thickness (WT) to ID (WT/ID) and ratio of wall cross-sectional area (WCSA) to LCSA (WCSA/LCSA) were increased. Meanwhile, adventitia fibroblast migrated to the media, with overload collagens, especially collagen Ⅲ. Proliferation index (PI) and apoptotic index (AI) of the mesenteric small artery wall cells were increased. The ID, LCSA, WT/ID and WCSA/LCSA of the aorta were increased. Moreover, the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) showed hypertrophy and hyperplasia, with overload collagens. The PI and AI of the aortic wall cells were increased.CONCLUSION: The difference of vascular remodeling between the aorta and small artery is significant. The small artery mainly appears hyperplasia of matrix, especially the adventitial collagen Ⅲ. Meanwhile, the cell apoptosis in the small artery wall is increased. The aorta mainly appears hyperplasia and hypertrophy of media VSMCs.