1990～1993年中国较贫困县儿童喂养状况的变化

对１９９０、１９９３两年儿童营养监测与改善项目中的全国２７省１０１较贫困县儿童喂养状况进行了分析，母乳喂养率由６１．９％降至５４．１％，人工喂养率由５．７％升至１３．５％，婴儿开奶时间提前，１９９３年婴儿出生当天开奶人数增加了１２．７个百分点，母乳、混合喂养儿断奶时间分别提前５个月和１个月，六个月后七种（谷类、乳类、蛋类、鱼肉类、水果类、蔬菜类、豆类）辅食添加的人数１９９３年较１９９０年增加１０～３８个百分点，乳类辅食增加人数最多。母乳喂养儿营养不良患病率明显低于人工、混合喂养儿，未添加辅食的婴幼儿贫血率平均高于添加辅食组２９个百分点。

Trend of Preschool Children′s Feeding Pattern from 1990 to 1993

Rural preschool children′s feeding pattern of 101 poor sites in 27 provinces were analyzed from 1990 to 1993. The breast fed rate reduced from 61.9% to 54 1%. The bottle fed rate rose from 5.7% to 13.5%. The number of children starting breast fed on the delivery day increased by 12.7 per cent. The weaning time of breast and mixed fed was 5 months and 1 month earlier, respectively. The number of children adding 7 kinds of weaning food increased by 10～38 per cent. The underweight and stunting prevalence of breast fed children was lower than those of mixed and bottle fed ones. The prevalence of anemia among children not adding weaning food was significantly higher than those adding weaning food by 29 per cent.