1992年中国总膳食研究—化学污染物(二)不同年龄组的比较

于１９９２～１９９３年进行的第二次中国总膳食研究中增加了不同年龄组和成年男子春秋两季的总膳食研究。报道了四大区的代表省份河北省、陕西省、湖北省和上海市不同年龄组的膳食组成、重金属和其他有害元素以及放射性核素的膳食摄入量。膳食中铅的污染比较严重，２～７岁的膳食摄入量已超过ＡＤＩ值的１８．９％，其他年龄组稍低，但也接近ＡＤＩ值。春秋两季比较，秋季铅的膳食摄入量明显高于春季；陕西省铅的膳食摄入量低于河北省，但秋季也已超过ＡＤＩ值１１．６％。河北省春秋两季均超过ＡＤＩ值，分别为２９．９％和４９．２％；镉和汞的污染较低，分别占ＡＤＩ值的２４％和３５％以下；铝的膳食摄入量也存在一定的问题，低年龄组已超过ＡＤＩ值８％左右，两个成人年龄组也已接近ＡＤＩ值，河北省秋季超过ＡＤＩ值的２５．９％；氟的膳食摄入量儿童和青少年似摄入偏低，成人则是适宜的。四个年龄组六种放射性核素的膳食摄入量均未超过年允许摄入量（ＡＬＩ）的３６％。人工污染的放射性元素９０锶、１３７铯均在ＡＬＩ值的１％以下。春秋两季比较，秋季放射性核素摄入量普遍高于春季。２１０铅较为明显，秋季摄入量高于春季３～４倍。

The Chinese total diet study in 1992--chemical contaminants. (II) Different age-sex groups]

The total diet study on various age-sex groups and the comparison of two seasons (spring and autumn) in adult male were conducted in the second Chinese Total Diet Study in 1992-1993. The dietary pattern, dietary intake of heavy metals and other harmful elements and radionuclides were studied in 4 age-sex groups in 4 provinces and cities, i.e. Hebei, Shanxi, Hubei and Shanghai. The contamination of lead in diet was the most outstanding finding. The intake of lead in 2-7 years old exceeded 18.9% of the ADI. The contamination of cadmium and mercury in diet were low, and the dietary intake were 24% and 35% of the ADI respectively. The dietary intakes of aluminium in the two young groups exceeded about 8% of the ADI. The intake of dietary fluoride in the two young groups were a little too low, and it was adequate in the adult groups. The overall dietary intake of radionuclides in the 4 age-sex groups was only 36% of ALI. The intakes of man-made radionuclides, 90Sr and 137Cs were all below 1% of ALI. The comparisons of two seasons (spring and autumn) showed that the overall intakes of radionuclides were higher in autumn than in spring. The intake of 210Pb was 3-4 times in autumn than in spring.