原位肾低温灌注腹腔镜下肾部分切除术

目的 探讨一种改进的原位肾低温灌注方法在腹腔镜下肾部分切除术中的临床价值.方法 2009年3-5月,对5例解剖性或功能性孤立肾患者行原位肾低温灌注腹腔镜下肾部分切除术.男3例,女2例;平均年龄49(39～63)岁;肿瘤位于左侧2例,右侧3侧;肿瘤直径平均5.6(3.8～7.0)cm.慢性肾功能不全2例,孤立肾1例,对侧肾萎缩1例,较大良性肿瘤1例.术前经皮穿刺经股动脉介入方法在患侧肾动脉留置带球囊契压导管1根,术中契压导管的球囊注水以阻断患侧肾动脉,并通过契压导管在加压泵下持续向肾动脉内灌注4℃冰盐水约200 ml,以实现患侧肾脏低温原位灌注,同时行腹腔镜下肾部分切除术,术后抽出球囊水以解除肾动脉阻断.结果 5例均成功施行原位肾低温灌注腹腔镜下肾部分切除术,手术时间平均102(80～120)min,肾动脉阻断时间平均35(29～39)min,术中出血量平均190(50～300)ml.低温灌注后皮肤温度平均降低0.6℃,肾脏表面温度降低10.0℃,肿瘤表面温度平均降低9.8℃.术前、术后第1、3、5和10天患者肌酐清除率分别为(64.7±16.9),(48.9±14.5)、(52.1±12.4)、(54.5±13.8)和(54.6±11.7)ml/min,多个相关样本检验显示,各组之间肌酐清除率比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.001).术后第5天和第10天比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.125),其余组间比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.043),术后第5天肌酐清除率基本稳定.结论 原位肾低温灌注腹腔镜下肾部分切除术安全可行,同时解决了腹腔镜下动脉阻断和低温灌注难题,有利于延长肾缺血时间、保护肾功能.

Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with hypothermic renal artery perfusion in situ

Objective To study a modified method of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with hypothermic renal artery perfusion in situ.Methods Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with hypothermic renal artery perfusion in situ was performed in 5 patients from March 2009 to May 2009.There were 3 males and 2 females,with an average age of 49 years (39 to 63 years).There were 3 tumors in the left kidney and 2 in the right kidney,with an average diameter of 5.6 cm (range,3.8 to 7.0 cm).There were 2 cases of chronic renal insufficiency,1 case of solitary kidney,1 case of contralateral renal atrophy and 1 case of larger benign tumor.The procedure of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with hypothermic renal artery perfusion in situ was as follows:A catheter with balloon was placed in the renal artery with percutaneous approach through the femoral artery preoperatively.During the operation the balloon of the catheter was inflated with water in order to block the renal artery,and renal artery perfusion of about 200ml saline of 4 ℃ was conducted through the catheter under high pressure in order to achieve low temperature in situ kidney.The water of the balloon was extracted after the accomplishment of the laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.Results Laparoscopic partial nephrectomies with hypothermic renal artery perfusion in situ were carried out successfully in 5 cases.The average operative time was 102 min (80 to 120 min),the average renal artery occlusion time was 35 min (range,29 to 39 min),and the average amount of bleeding was 190 ml(50 to 300 ml).The temperature of skin,kidneys,and tumor after hypothermic perfusion dropped by an average of 0.6℃,10.0 ℃,and 9.8℃,respectively.The endogenous creatinine clearance rate was(84.7±16.9),(48.9±14.5),(52.1±12.4),(54.5±13.8),and(54.6±11.7)ml/min before and 1 day,3 days,5 days and 10 days after operation.There was significant difference among the 5 groups in endogenous creatinine clearance rate(P=0.001).There was significant difference between each 2 groups except that between the group at 5 days and 10 days after operaton,The endogenous creatinine clearance rate kept steady in 5 days after operation.Conclusions Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with hypothermic renal artery perfusion in situ is feasible and safe in favor of the extension of renal ischemic time and the protection of renal function.And it has resolved 2 problems in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy,that is,the laparoscopic artery occlusion and the hypothermic perfusion.