神经干细胞移植治疗血管性痴呆的最新理论研究

目前应用于实验研究的神经干细胞主要来源于早期胚胎、脐带血、成人脑组织、骨髓等8种组织,神经干细胞的分离方法有反复传代法、基因转染法等4种方法.国内外研究热点大都集中于对神经干细胞体内移植存活发育与定向分化的调控,研究结果多来自啮齿类动物体内或体外实验,显示神经干细胞发育和分化可受许多种生物因子和药物的影响,而且其对不同种类或相同种类不同浓度的外源性因子的反应具有多样性,在神经干细胞发育分化的不同阶段,相同细胞因子的作用亦有差异.神经干细胞移植的存活受局部微环境的影响,采用内外源性神经干细胞治疗均显示效率不足,且外源性神经干细胞移植尚具有排异反应.由此,使得从体外实验结果确定某种因子在神经干细胞成熟过程中的实际作用较为困难.在临床应用上,神经干细胞移植仍然面临着如何提高移植效率、应用内源性还是外源性神经干细胞的选择等一系列重大难题.

Progress in neural stem cell transplantation in the treatment of vascular dementia

At present, there are 8 sources of neural stem calls (NSCs), such as the early embryo, umbilical cord blood, brain tissue of adults and bone marrow, which are used for experiments. Four methods are also provided to isolate NSCs, for example, the serial passage and the gene transduction. Most of the hotspots at home and abroad are on the modulation of NSC transplantation in vivo, to make it proliferate and differentiate in hand. Most findings are achieved through experiments on rodents, no matter in vitro or vivo, which indicate that the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs can be affected by a variety of biological factors and drugs. Even more, the effects are multiple according to the factors and drugs of different kinds and the same kind of different concentrations, even the same factor would have different roles in different process of the culture of NSCs. The survival of NSCs during transplantation can also be affected by local microenvironment. Neither the NSC endogenous nor exogenous treatment is efficient. Furthermore, the body also rejects the exogenous NSCs. Taken together, it is tough for us to conclude that a factor does have some effects on the NSCs. Moreover, there are still a series of key problems unveiled clinically, such as how to perfect transplantation and whether to choose exogenous or endogenous NSCa for transplantation.