缺血性中风急性期患者阴阳类证中医证候特点的多中心临床研究

目的：通过对缺血性中风急性期患者发病不同时点证候特点的研究,探讨缺血性中风阴、阳类证中医证候组成特征。方法：采用“中风病辨证诊断标准”对1246例缺血性中风急性期患者发病后1～3d、4～10d、11～30d3个时点的中医证候特点进行了调查,分析缺血性中风急性期中医证候在3个时点的变化特点及阴、阳类证患者中6个基本证候分布的差异。结果：缺血性中风急性期患者风证的比率由1～3d的87．1％降到11～30d的79．3％（P〈0．01）;火热证患者比率由1～3d的52．1％降到11～30d的38．7％（P〈0．01）;患者痰证的比率由1～3d的67．1％降到11～30d的57．4％（P〈0．01）;血瘀证、气虚证和阴虚阳亢证患者比率在3个调查时点差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。缺血性中风急性期3个时点阴、阳类证分布比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。阳类证患者中,风证、火证、痰证、阴虚阳亢证出现频率高于阴类证患者（P〈0．01）,血瘀证、气虚证出现频率低于阴类证患者（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。缺血性中风急性期证候组合在3个调查时点均以3个证候组合为主。阳类证患者中出现4、5个证候组合的频率高于阴类证患者,出现单证和两证组合的频率低于阴类证患者（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。阴类证患者中证候组合出现频率最高的为风＋痰＋血瘀＋气虚组合和风＋痰＋气虚组合。阳类证患者中证候组合出现频率最高的为风＋火＋痰＋气虚组合和风＋火＋痰组合。结论：阳类证和阴类证证候组合最主要的区别为阳类证具有火热证特征,痰证、气虚证、血瘀证与阴阳分类的证候诊断无关。

Characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes in patients with acute ischemic stroke of yin or yang syndrome: a multicenter trial

OBJECTIVE: To explore the composition characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in patients with acute ischemic stroke of yin or yang syndrome by investigating the characteristics of TCM syndromes at different periods after onset. METHODS: One thousand two hundred and forty-six patients with acute ischemic stroke were admitted in twenty hospitals. According to the "diagnostic criteria of syndrome differentiation of stroke", the characteristics of syndromes in the patients were investigated at the periods of 1-3 days, 4-10 days and 11-30 days after they had ischemic stroke. General distribution of six basic syndromes was compared between the patients with yin syndrome and the patients with yang syndrome at the three periods. The six basic syndromes were wind syndrome, pathogenic fire syndrome, phlegm syndrome, blood stasis syndrome, qi deficiency syndrome, and syndrome of yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity. RESULTS: The percentages of wind, pathogenic fire, and phlegm syndromes in the patients were decreased at the period of 11-30 days as compared with the period of 1-3 days (87.1% vs 79.3%, 52.1% vs 38.7% and 67.1% vs 57.4% respectively, P<0.01). However, the percentages of the syndromes of blood stasis, qi deficiency, and yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity were similar at the three periods (P>0.05). There were no differences in the distribution of yin and yang syndromes among the three periods (P>0.05). The percentages of syndromes of wind, pathogenic fire, phlegm, and yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity were higher (P<0.01), and the percentages of syndromes of blood stasis and qi deficiency were lower (P<0.05, P<0.01) in patients with yang syndrome than in patients with yin syndrome. The complex of three syndromes was the most frequent composition pattern in the patients at the three periods. The percentages of complex syndromes of four or five syndromes were higher, and the percentages of single-syndromes and complex syndromes of two syndromes were lower in patients with yang syndrome than in patients with yin syndrome (P<0.05, P<0.01). The most frequent complex syndromes in patients with yin syndrome were complex syndrome of wind, phlegm, blood stasis and qi deficiency, and complex syndrome of wind, phlegm and qi deficiency; while the most frequent complex syndromes in patients with yang syndrome were complex syndrome of wind, pathogenic fire, phlegm and qi deficiency, and complex syndrome of wind, pathogenic fire and phlegm. CONCLUSION: The main discrimination between the yin and yang syndromes is that the yang syndrome is characterized by pathogenic fire. The syndromes of phlegm, qi deficiency, and blood stasis are not associated with the diagnosis of yin or yang syndrome.