生物医学研究中实验动物的应用状况与分析

目的 了解生物医学研究中实验动物应用的现状及其年代变化。方法选定PubMed（http：∥www．ncbi．nlm．nih．gov／）生物医学文献数据库作为资料数据来源，统计1966—2003年各种实验动物的使用情况，着重分析了用量最大的大鼠和小鼠的不同近交系和封闭群在生物医学研究中的应用现状。结果使用大鼠和小鼠的文献远远比使用其他动物多。大鼠的应用以封闭群的SD、Wistar和近交系F344大鼠为主；小鼠的应用以近交系小鼠为主，1997年使用C57BL近交系小鼠的文献数超过BALB／e而占居首位；转基因动物和突变品系动物应用量激增。其他动物的应用情况为：犬、兔、猫、豚鼠稳中有降；果蝇和鱼的用量大幅增加；猴、猪、鸡、两栖类动物的应用相对稳定。结论在生物医学研究中越来越趋向应用近交系动物。随着医学实验技术的发展，转基因动物和突变品系动物的应用日益普遍，必将成为今后生物医学研究的主要实验材料。低等动物鱼和果蝇在某些医学领域的应用得到重视。

A Survey and Analysis of Current Status of the Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical Research

Objective To survey and analyze the current status of laboratory animals application in biomedical research and their yearly variations.Method PubMed(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) was chosen as the data-base.The use of various kinds of laboratory animals were analyzed from 1966 to 2003.The authors paid more attention to analyze the current status of application of mice and rats because they took the top two places in laboratory animal uses.Results Mice and rats were the most popular than other animals in the published articles that used animals as experiment materials.SD and Wistar closed colony rat and F344 inbred rat occupied the top three places in the use of rats.Inbred mice,such as C57BL and BABL/c,became the major selection of the biomedicial researchers when they selected mouse as experiment material,C57BL surpassed BABL/c and took the first place in 1997.The use of transgenic animals and mutant animals increased sharply in recent years.The use of other animals such as dogs,cats,pigs,etc.,decreased slowly.The use of drosophila and fish increased in recent years.Conclusion There is an increasing tendency in use of inbred animals in biomedical research.With the development of experiment techniques,transgenic animals and mutant animals would play more important roles in biomedicine research.Drosophila and fish got more attention in some study fields.